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HandWiki. Clostridium Difficile Infection. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/33321 (accessed on 24 September 2026).
HandWiki. Clostridium Difficile Infection. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/33321. Accessed September 24, 2026.
HandWiki. "Clostridium Difficile Infection" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/33321 (accessed September 24, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 07). Clostridium Difficile Infection. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/33321
HandWiki. "Clostridium Difficile Infection." Encyclopedia. Web. 07 November, 2022.
Clostridium Difficile Infection
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Medicine:Clostridium_difficile_infection

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI or C-dif) is a symptomatic infection due to the spore-forming bacterium, Clostridium difficile. Symptoms include watery diarrhea, fever, nausea, and abdominal pain. It makes up about 20% of cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Complications may include pseudomembranous colitis, toxic megacolon, perforation of the colon, and sepsis. Clostridium difficile infection is spread by bacterial spores found within feces. Surfaces may become contaminated with the spores with further spread occurring via the hands of healthcare workers. Risk factors for infection include antibiotic or proton pump inhibitors use, hospitalization, other health problems, and older age. Diagnosis is by stool culture or testing for the bacteria's DNA or toxins. If a person tests positive but has no symptoms, the condition is known as C. difficile colonization rather than an infection. Prevention is by hand washing, terminal room cleaning in hospital, and limiting antibiotic use. Discontinuation of antibiotics may result in resolution of symptoms within three days in about 20% of those infected. Often the antibiotics metronidazole, vancomycin or fidaxomicin will cure the infection. Retesting after treatment, as long as the symptoms have resolved, is not recommended, as the person may remain colonized. Recurrences have been reported in up to 25% of people. Some tentative evidence indicates fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotics may decrease the risk of recurrence. C. difficile infections occur in all areas of the world. About 453,000 cases occurred in the United States in 2011, resulting in 29,000 deaths. Rates of disease globally have increased between 2001 and 2016. Women are more often affected than men. The bacterium was discovered in 1935 and found to be disease-causing in 1978. In the United States, health–care associated infections increase the cost of care by US$1.5 billion each year.

fecal microbiota metronidazole difficile

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