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| 1 | Dean Liu | -- | 1465 | 2022-11-03 01:50:18 |
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The Kübler-Ross model, or the Five Stages of Grief, postulates a series of emotions experienced by terminally ill patients prior to death, or people who have lost a loved one, wherein the five stages are: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. Although commonly referenced in popular media, the existence of these stages has not been empirically demonstrated and the model is not considered helpful in explaining the grieving process. It is considered to be of historical value but outdated in scientific terms and in clinical practice. The model was first introduced by Swiss-American psychiatrist Elisabeth Kübler-Ross in her 1969 book On Death and Dying, and was inspired by her work with terminally ill patients. Motivated by the lack of instruction in medical schools on the subject of death and dying, Kübler-Ross examined death and those faced with it at the University of Chicago's medical school. Kübler-Ross's project evolved into a series of seminars which, along with patient interviews and previous research, became the foundation for her book. Although Kübler-Ross is commonly credited with creating stage models, earlier bereavement theorists and clinicians such as Erich Lindemann, Collin Murray Parkes, and John Bowlby used similar models of stages of phases as early as the 1940s. Later in her life, Kübler-Ross noted that the stages are not a linear and predictable progression and that she regretted writing them in a way that was misunderstood. "Kübler-Ross originally saw these stages as reflecting how people cope with illness and dying," observed grief researcher Kenneth J. Doka, "not as reflections of how people grieve."
References
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- "The neuroscience of true grit". Scientific American 304 (3): 28–33. March 2011. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0311-28. PMID 21438486. Bibcode: 2011SciAm.304c..28S. https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fscientificamerican0311-28
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- Shermer, Michael (1 November 2008). "Five Fallacies of Grief: Debunking Psychological Stages". Scientific American. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/five-fallacies-of-grief/.
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