1. Exceptionally Young Participants

Terence Tao is the youngest bronze, silver, and gold medalist, respectively, in IMO history.

• Terence Tao (Australia), in 1986 at age 10 years, 363 days
• Raúl Chávez Sarmiento (Peru), in 2009 at age 11 years, 271 days
• Akshay Venkatesh (Australia), in 1994 at age 12 years, 241 days

• Terence Tao (Australia), in 1987 at age 11 years, 364 days
• Raúl Chávez Sarmiento (Peru), in 2010 at age 12 years, 263 days
• Lee Su-hong (South Korea), in 2007 at age 13 years, 10 months^[1][2]

• Terence Tao (Australia), in 1988 at age 13 years, 4 days
• Raúl Chávez Sarmiento (Peru), in 2011 at age 13 years, 273 days
• Ömer Cerrahoğlu (Romania), in 2009 at age 14 years, 80 days^[3]

• Pawel Kröger (East Germany), in 1972 at age 13 years, 354 days
• Noam Elkies (United States), in 1981 at age 14 years, 329 days
• Sergei Konyagin (Soviet Union), in 1972 at age 15 years, 83 days
• Vladimir Drinfeld (Soviet Union), in 1969 at age 15 years, 156 days

2. High-scoring Participants

Ciprian Manolescu, the only person to achieve three perfect scores at the IMO (1995–1997).

The following table lists all IMO Winners who have won at least three gold medals, with corresponding years and non-gold medals received noted (P denotes a perfect score.)

3. Notable Participants

A number of IMO participants have gone on to become notable mathematicians. The following IMO participants have either received a Fields Medal, a Wolf Prize or a Clay Research Award, awards which recognise groundbreaking research in mathematics; a European Mathematical Society Prize, an award which recognizes young researchers; or one of the American Mathematical Society's awards (a Blumenthal Award in Pure Mathematics, Bôcher Memorial Prize in Analysis, Cole Prize in Algebra, Cole Prize in Number Theory or Veblen Prize in Geometry and Topology) recognizing research in specific mathematical fields. Grigori Perelman proved the Poincaré conjecture (one of the seven Millennium Prize Problems), and Yuri Matiyasevich gave a negative solution of Hilbert's tenth problem.

G denotes an IMO gold medal, S denotes a silver medal, B denotes a bronze medal, and P denotes a perfect score.

IMO medalists have also gone on to become notable computer scientists. The following IMO medalists have received a Nevanlinna Prize, a Knuth Prize, or a Gödel Prize; these awards recognise research in theoretical computer science. G denotes an IMO gold medal, S denotes a silver medal, B denotes a bronze medal, and P denotes a perfect paper.