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Antimony is a metalloid element having common oxidation states of 5+ and 3+. It is a lustrous silvery-white solid, which is quite brittle and exhibits a flaky texture. Antimony is classified as a critical/strategic metal. Stibnite, jamesonite, and antimony-gold ores are the most common sources of antimony.
Properties/Characteristics | Value | Unit |
---|---|---|
Atomic number | 51 | N/A |
Atomic weight | 121.76 | u |
Melting point | 630.5 | °C |
Boiling point (at 101.3 kPa) | 1325 | °C |
Density (at 20 °C) | 6.688 | g/cm3 |
Tensile strength | 10.8 | N/mm2 |
Mohs hardness | 3.0-3.5 | N/A |
Modulus of elasticity | 566 | N/mm2 |
Surface tension of solid (at 432 °C) | 317.2 | mN/m |
Surface tension of liquid (at 1200 °C) | 255 | mN/m |
Crystal structure | Rhombohedral | N/A |
Lattice constant | a = 0.437, c = 1.1273 | nm |
Latent heat of fusion | 10.49 | kJ/mol |
Latent heat of evaporation | 195.10 | kJ/mol |
Coefficient of linear expansion (at 20 °C) | 8-11 | µm/m-°C |
Electrical resistivity (at 0 °C) | 37 | µΩ.cm |
Molar heat capacity of solid (at 630.5 °C) | 30.446 | J/mol-K |
Molar heat capacity of liquid (at 630.5 °C) | 31.401 | J/mol-K |
Thermal conductivity (at 0 °C) | 25.9 | W/m-K |
Mineral | Chemical Formula | Sb (wt%) | |
---|---|---|---|
Sulfides | Stibnite | Sb2S3 | 71.7 |
Tetrahedrite | Cu6Sb2S6 | 29.8 | |
Jamesonite | Pb4FeSb6S14 | 35.4 | |
Zinckenite | PbSb2S4 | 42.1 | |
Oxides | Senarmontite (cubic) | Sb2O3 | 83.5 |
Valentinite (rhombohedral) | Sb2O3 | 83.5 | |
Cervantite (orthorhombic) | Sb2O4/Sb2O3⋅Sb2O5 | 79.2 | |
Stibiconite (antimony hydroxides) | Sb2O4⋅H2O | 74.8 | |
Mixed | Kermesite | 2Sb2S3⋅Sb2O3 | 83.5 |