1000/1000
Hot
Most Recent
Flavonoids are polyphenolic plant secondary metabolites with pleiotropic biological properties, including anti-cancer activities. These natural compounds have potential utility in glioblastoma (GBM), a malignant central nervous system tumor derived from astrocytes.
Flavonoid | Class | Canonical or Common Source | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
EGCG | Flavan-3-ol | Green and white tea | [14] |
Chrysin | Flavone | Passionflower (Passiflora) | [15] |
Hispidulin | Flavone | Gumweed (Grindelia argentina) | [16] |
Formononetin | Isoflavone | Red clover (Trifolium pratense) | [17] |
Quercetin | Flavonol | Oak (Quercus) | [18] |
Icariin | Flavonol Glycoside | Horny goat weed (Epimedium) | [19] |
Rutin | Flavonol Glycoside | Rue (Ruta graveolens) | [20] |
Silibinin | Flavonolignan | Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) | [21] |
Chemotherapeutic | Class | Primary Function | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
ATO | Arsenic compounds | Multimodal | [23] |
Chloroquine | Anti-malarials | Autophagy inhibitor | [24] |
Cisplatin | Platinum compounds | Alkylating agent | [25] |
Etoposide | Natural product derivatives | Topoisomerase II inhibitor | [26] |
Sodium Butyrate (NaB) | Short-chain fatty acids | Histone deacetylase inhibitor | [27] |
TMZ | Purine analogs | Alkylating agent | [22] |
Effect | Cell Line | Flavonoid | Flavonoid Conc. | TMZ Conc. | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Increases survival time | Intracranial U87 xenografts, nude mice | EGCG | 50 mg/kg | 5 mg/kg | [28] |
Intracranial U251 xenografts, nude mice | EGCG | 50 mg/kg | 5 mg/kg | [28] | |
Decreases tumor volume | Subcutaneous U87 xenografts, BALB/c mice | Rutin | 20 mg/kg | 55 mg/kg | [29] |
Decreases tumor weight | Subcutaneous U87 xenografts, BALB/c mice | Rutin | 20 mg/kg | 55 mg/kg | [29] |
Intracranial U87 xenografts, BALB/c mice | Rutin | 20 mg/kg | 55 mg/kg | [29] | |
Increases cell death/dec viability | C6 | Marcela Extract | 10, 20, 50 µg/mL | 200 µM | [30] |
U87 | Marcela Extract | 10, 20, 50 µg/mL | 200 µM | [30] | |
U251 | Marcela Extract | 50 µg/mL | 100 µM | [30] | |
U87MG | Rutin | 50, 100, 200 µM | 63, 250, 500, 1000 µM | [29] | |
D54MG | Rutin | 50, 100, 200 µM | 63, 125, 250, 500, 1000 µM | [29] | |
U251MG | Rutin | 50, 100, 200 µM | 63, 125, 250, 500, 1000 µM | [29] | |
LN229 | Silibinin | 50 µM | 10, 25, 50 µM | [31] | |
TR-LN229 | Silibinin | 50 µM | 10, 25, 50 µM | [31] | |
U87 | Silibinin | 50 µM | 25, 50 µM | [31] | |
U87MG | Icariin | 10 µM | 200 µM | [32] | |
SHG44 | Hispidulin | 40 µM | 100 µM | [33] | |
U87 GSLC | EGCG | 100 µM | 100 µM | [34] | |
U251 | EGCG | 10, 20 µM | 20, 40 µM | [28] | |
C6 | Formononetin | 40, 80, 160, 320 µM | 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000 µM | [35][36] | |
GBM8901 | PWE | 50 µg/mL | 100, 150, 200 µM | [37] | |
Decreases colony formation | U87 | Marcela Extract | 10, 20, 50 µg/mL | 50 µM | [30] |
Decreases proliferation | U87MG | Icariin | 10 µM | 200 µM | [32] |
Increases apoptosis | U87MG | Icariin | 10 µM | 200 µM | [32] |
SHG44 | Hispidulin | 40 µM | 100 µM | [33] | |
U251 | EGCG | 20 µM | 100 µM | [28] | |
C6 | Formononetin | 40, 80 µM | 125, 500 µM | [35][36] | |
Upregulates (c-)caspase 3 (protein) | C6 | Marcela Extract | 50 µg/mL | 200 µM | [30] |
U251 | Marcela Extract | 50 µg/mL | 100 µM | [30] | |
U87 | Rutin | 100, 200 µM | 500 µM | [29] | |
U87MG | Icariin | 10 µM | 200 µM | [32] | |
C6 | Formononetin | 40, 80 µM | 125, 500 µM | [35][36] | |
Upregulates (c-)caspase 9 (protein) | C6 | Formononetin | 40, 80 µM | 125, 500 µM | [35][36] |
Upregulates (c-)PARP (protein) | U87MG | Icariin | 10 µM | 200 µM | [32] |
Upregulates Bax (protein) | C6 | Formononetin | 40, 80 µM | 125, 500 µM | [35][36] |
Downregulates Bcl-2 (protein) | SHG44 | Hispidulin | 40 µM | 100 µM | [33] |
C6 | Formononetin | 40, 80 µM | 125, 500 µM | [35][36] | |
Downregulates Survivin (protein) | LN229 | Silibinin | 50 µM | 50 µM | [31] |
Downregulates LC3-II (protein) | U87 | Rutin | 100, 200 µM | 500 µM | [29] |
GBM8901 | PWE | 50 µg/mL | 100 µM | [37] | |
Downregulates Beclin-1 (protein) | GBM8901 | PWE | 50 µg/mL | 100 µM | [37] |
Downregulates P62 (protein) | GBM8901 | PWE | 50 µg/mL | 100 µM | [37] |
Downregulates (p-)JNK (protein) | U87 | Rutin | 100, 200 µM | 500 µM | [29] |
Upregulates CHOP (protein) | Intracranial U87 xenografts, nude mice | EGCG | 50 mg/kg | 5 mg/kg | [28] |
Intracranial U251 xenografts, nude mice | EGCG | 50 mg/kg | 5 mg/kg | [28] | |
Downregulates GRP78 (protein) | Intracranial U87 xenografts, nude mice | EGCG | 50 mg/kg | 5 mg/kg | [28] |
Intracranial U251 xenografts, nude mice | EGCG | 50 mg/kg | 5 mg/kg | [28] | |
Upregulates (p-)AMPK (protein) | SHG44 | Hispidulin | 40 µM | 100 µM | [33] |
Downregulates (p-)mTOR (protein) | SHG44 | Hispidulin | 40 µM | 100 µM | [33] |
Decreases cell migration | U87MG | Icariin | 10 µM | 200 µM | [32] |
C6 | Formononetin | 40, 80 µM | 125, 500 µM | [35][36] | |
Downregulates MMP-2 (protein) | C6 | Formononetin | 40, 80 µM | 125, 500 µM | [35][36] |
Downregulates MMP-9 (protein) | C6 | Formononetin | 40, 80 µM | 125, 500 µM | [35][36] |
Decreases cell invasion | U87MG | Icariin | 10 µM | 200 µM | [32] |
Increases G2/M phase arrest | SHG44 | Hispidulin | 40 µM | 100 µM | [33] |
Downregulates NF-κB | U87MG | Icariin | 10 µM | 200 µM | [32] |
Downregulates P-gp | U87 GSLC | EGCG | 100 µM | 100 µM | [34] |