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According to G. Veletsianos, from a general point of view, an emerging technology is “a new tool with promising potential”. However, an emerging technology is generally defined according to the field in which it is analyzed. B.R. Martin describes an emerging technology as a technology the use of which will benefit many sectors of the economy and/or society. Other important characteristics of emerging technology, according to D. Rotolo, D. Hicks and B. R. Martin, include radical novelty, relatively fast growth, coherence, and prominent impact. Which refers to the crucial following contexts: aspect of future time, anticipation, uncertainty and Industry 4.0. the following definition of an emerging technology has been created by the author – „Emerging technology in Industry 4.0 is a technology the development of which, from today’s point of view, is uncertain and not obvious, but through complex anticipatory research, it is possible to identify its potential radical impact in selected areas, e.g., social, technological, economic, scientific.”
One of the overriding aims of anticipation activities should be the identification, comprehension and management of uncertainty. Situations of uncertainty—in terms of foresight—are those wherein it is impossible to predict what impact the decision will have, but different outcomes for these impacts can be anticipated[17]. In this process it could be very useful to explore different types of futures (of the development of emerging technologies) in their relationship with knowledge and foreknowledge ranges.