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The flaviviruses are important human pathogens, and a deeper understanding of the virus–host cell interaction is required to identify cellular targets that can be used as therapeutic candidates. Flaviviruses hijack several cellular functions, such as exosome-mediated cell communication during infection, which is modulated by the delivery of the exosomal cargo of pro- or antiviral molecules to the receiving host cells. Therefore, to study the role of exosomes during flavivirus infections is essential to identify molecular factors that may contribute to the development of new strategies to block viral infections. This review explores the implications of exosomes in flavivirus dissemination and transmission from the vector to human host cells, as well as their involvement in the host immune response. Although several studies have been performed to identify and characterize cellular and viral molecules released in exosomes, the role of these components in viral pathogenesis is unclear. Further studies will determine the balance between protective and harmful exosomes secreted by flavivirus infected cells, the characteristics and components that distinguish them both, and how they could be a factor that determines the infection outcome.
Los flavivirus transmitidos por artrópodos son importantes patógenos humanos, y se requiere una comprensión más profunda de la interacción virus-célula huésped para identificar objetivos celulares que pueden usarse como candidatos terapéuticos. Está bien informado que los flavivirus secuestran varias funciones celulares, como la comunicación celular mediada por exosomas durante la infección, que se modula mediante la entrega de la carga exosómica de moléculas pro o antivirales a las células huésped receptoras. Por lo tanto, estudiar el papel de los exosomas durante las infecciones por flavivirus es esencial, no solo para comprender su relevancia en la interacción virus-huésped, sino también para identificar los factores moleculares que pueden contribuir al desarrollo de nuevas estrategias para bloquear estas infecciones virales.