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Immunotherapy has changed the environment of cancer treatment by providing new and efficacious therapy options for many solid and hematologic malignancies. Although not a new field of oncology, immunotherapy has quickly developed into one of the most flourishing fields in medicine. In this review article, we explore key discoveries which helped to shape our current understanding of the immune system’s role in neoplasms. Many landmark developments include the advancements in checkpoint inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, CAR-T cells and anti-cancer vaccines. We also explore the drawbacks and efficacy of various categories of immunotherapy. Ongoing investigations within immunotherapy, such as the gut microbiome, combining checkpoint inhibitors and gene sequencing, continue to personalize treatments for cancer patients, providing exciting and endless possibilities for the future.
Drug Name | Target | Malignancy Approved (Single Agent or in Combination) |
Approval Year |
---|---|---|---|
Atezolizumab | PD-L1 | Multiple solid tumors | 2016 |
Bevacizumab | VEGF-A | Multiple solid tumors | 2004 |
Brentuximab vedotin | CD30 | Hodgkin’s lymphoma; Anaplastic LCL; PTCL | 2011 |
Blinatumomab | CD3, CD19 | Acute lymphoblastic leukemia | 2014 |
Cemiplimab | PD-1 | Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma | 2018 |
Cetuximab | EGFR | Colorectal cancer (K-RAS wildtype); NSCLC, SCC head and neck | 2004 |
Daratumumab | CD38 | Multiple myeloma | 2015 |
Durvalumab | PD-L1 | Urothelial carcinoma, NSCLC, small cell lung cancer | 2017 |
Elotuzumab | SLAMF7 | Multiple myeloma | 2015 |
Gemtuzumab ozogamicin | CD33 | Acute myeloid leukemia | 2000 |
Ipilimumab | CTLA-4 | Multiple solid tumors | 2011 |
Isatuximab | CD38 | Multiple myeloma | 2020 |
Mogamilizumab | CCR4 | Mycosis fungoides or Sezary syndrome, CTCL, T cell leukemia/lymphoma | 2018 |
Nivolumab | PD-1 | Multiple solid tumors | 2014 |
Obinutuzumab | CD20 | Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, follicular lymphoma | 2013 |
Panitumumab | EGFR | Colorectal cancer | 2006 |
Pembrolizumab | PD-1 | Multiple solid tumors | 2014 |
Pertuzumab | HER2 | Breast cancer (HER2+) | 2012 |
Ramucirumab | VEGFR2 | Multiple solid tumors | 2014 |
Rituximab | CD20 | Multiple hematologic malignancies and autoimmune diseases | 1997 |
Trastuzumab | HER2 | Breast cancer (HER2+), gastric/GEJ adenocarcinoma (HER2+) | 1998 |