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1 YuXiang Peng + 3742 word(s) 3742 2021-11-22 02:58:19 |
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Peng, Y. Ionospheric Remote Sensing with GNSS. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/16243 (accessed on 22 September 2026).
Peng Y. Ionospheric Remote Sensing with GNSS. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/16243. Accessed September 22, 2026.
Peng, Yuxiang. "Ionospheric Remote Sensing with GNSS" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/16243 (accessed September 22, 2026).
Peng, Y. (2021, November 22). Ionospheric Remote Sensing with GNSS. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/16243
Peng, Yuxiang. "Ionospheric Remote Sensing with GNSS." Encyclopedia. Web. 22 November, 2021.
Peer Reviewed
Ionospheric Remote Sensing with GNSS
This is a peer-reviewed entry published in Encyclopedia Journal, full entry can be found at https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia1040094

The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) plays a pivotal role in our modern positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) technologies. GNSS satellites fly at altitudes of approximately 20,000 km or higher. This altitude is above an ionized layer of the Earth’s upper atmosphere, the so called “ionosphere”. Before reaching a typical GNSS receiver on the ground, GNSS satellite signals penetrate through the Earth’s ionosphere. The ionosphere is a plasma medium consisting of free charged particles that can slow down, attenuate, refract, or scatter the GNSS signals. Ionospheric density structures (also known as irregularities) can cause GNSS signal scintillations (phase and intensity fluctuations). These ionospheric impacts on GNSS signals can be utilized to observe and study physical processes in the ionosphere and is referred to ionospheric remote sensing. This entry introduces some fundamentals of ionospheric remote sensing using GNSS. 

GNSS ionosphere remote sensing

References

  1. GPS Interface Control Documents. Available online: https://www.gps.gov/technical/icwg/#current (accessed on 11 October 2021).
  2. GPS Constellation Status (U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Center). Available online: https://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?Do=constellationstatus (accessed on 10 May 2021).
  3. GLONASS Interface Control Documents. Available online: https://www.glonass-iac.ru/en/documents/ (accessed on 11 October 2021).
  4. GLONASS Constellation Status (IAC; Information and Analysis Center for Positioning, Navigation and Timing). Available online: https://www.glonass-iac.ru/en/GLONASS/ (accessed on 10 May 2021).
  5. European GNSS Service Center Programme Reference Documents. Available online: https://www.gsc-europa.eu/electronic-library/programme-reference-documents (accessed on 11 October 2021).
  6. Galileo Constellation Information (European GNSS Service Centre). Available online: https://www.gsc-europa.eu/system-service-status/constellation-information (accessed on 10 May 2021).
  7. Wang, M.; Wang, J.; Dong, D.; Meng, L.; Chen, J.; Wang, A.; Cui, H. Performance of BDS-3: Satellite visibility and dilution of precision. GPS Solut. 2019, 23, 56.
  8. BeiDou Navigation Satellite System Interface Control Documents. Available online: http://en.beidou.gov.cn/SYSTEMS/ICD/ (accessed on 11 October 2021).
  9. BeiDou Constellation Status (CSNO-TARC; Test and Assessment Research Center of China Satellite Navigation Office). Available online: http://www.csno-tarc.cn/en/system/constellation (accessed on 10 May 2021).
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Subjects: Engineering, Aerospace
Contributor MDPI registered users' name will be linked to their SciProfiles pages. To register with us, please refer to https://encyclopedia.pub/register : YuXiang Peng
View Times: 5.4K
Reprint: Encyclopedia of Engineering
Online Date: 22 Nov 2021
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