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1 Based on the temperature estimation function, time domain temperature sensors can be categorized to one of 12 operational principles.
Sangjin Byun
 + 593 word(s) 593 2020-04-26 10:10:03 |
2 Add references
Sangjin Byun
 + 632 word(s) 1225 2020-05-01 03:22:26 | |
3 format correct
Camila Xu
 -632 word(s) 593 2020-07-23 09:46:38 | |
4 format correct
Camila Xu
 -21 word(s) 572 2020-10-30 11:02:17 |

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Xu, Z.; Byun, S. Time Domain CMOS Temperature Sensor. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/673 (accessed on 16 April 2024).
Xu Z, Byun S. Time Domain CMOS Temperature Sensor. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/673. Accessed April 16, 2024.
Xu, Zhiwei, Sangjin Byun. "Time Domain CMOS Temperature Sensor" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/673 (accessed April 16, 2024).
Xu, Z., & Byun, S. (2020, April 27). Time Domain CMOS Temperature Sensor. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/673
Xu, Zhiwei and Sangjin Byun. "Time Domain CMOS Temperature Sensor." Encyclopedia. Web. 27 April, 2020.
Time Domain CMOS Temperature Sensor
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This entry is adapted from the peer-reviewed paper 10.3390/s20072053

Temperature sensors is based on the sensory device (CMOS, BJT or resistor) and the measured signal type (voltage, current, frequency, delay time, phase shift or bandwidth), they can be implemented in various ways. By defining the temperature estimation function X(T) as the ratio of two quantities chosen from tREF, t(T), fREF and f(T), a time domain temperature sensor can be implemented based on one among 12 types of operational principles.

time domain temperature sensor temperature estimation function

1. Introduction

Temperature sensors have been increasingly demanded in various applications such as military, aerospace, scientific research, industry, agriculture, medicine, transportation and so on. Based on the sensory device (CMOS, BJT or resistor) and the measured signal type (voltage, current, frequency, delay time, phase shift or bandwidth), they can be implemented in various ways [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. In this paper, we have chosen a time domain CMOS temperature sensor by considering the following factors.

First, measuring something is to represent it by using a ratio of two quantities, i.e., one is to be measured and the other is to be a reference. For example, the height of a person can be represented by a multiple of foot length as shown in Figure 1. So, we need both the person and the reference foot length to measure the height. Even when the height is measured in a metric system, we also need both the person and the reference meter.

Sensors 20 02053 g001 550

Figure 1. Measuring something is to represent it by a ratio of two quantities.

Second, measuring temperature by using a temperature sensor does not mean that we can directly measure temperature itself. What we can really measure by using a temperature sensor are the voltage or current signals or the frequencies or delay times which are one-to-one matched to the temperature.

Third, as CMOS process technology improves, the supply voltage is getting lower and lower and the clock speed is getting higher and higher, which means that the voltage resolution is degraded, whereas the time resolution is improved. This trend has naturally made time domain signal-based circuits more attractive than ever before.

2. Discussion

Thus, in this entry we present a new type of time domain CMOS temperature sensor which can estimate temperature by measuring a frequency and a delay time. As summarized in Figure 2, a time domain temperature sensor can be implemented by choosing one among 12 types of operational principles. These operational principles have been categorized as shown in the figure based on the temperature estimation function, X(T), which is, in this paper, defined as the ratio of two quantities chosen from τREF, τ(T), 1/fREF and 1/f(T). Here, T is the temperature and τREF is defined as a temperature-independent reference delay time of a delay cell or a delay line, and τ(T) is defined as a temperature-dependent delay time of a delay cell or a delay line. Similarly, fREF is defined as a temperature-independent reference frequency of an oscillator or a clock signal, and f(T) is defined as a temperature-dependent frequency of an oscillator or a clock signal. If we arbitrarily choose two quantities from these four different kinds of time domain signals and put them into the numerator and denominator of X(T), respectively, overall 16 types of operational principles can theoretically exist, as shown in Figure 2. However, if the two quantities are irrelevant to T at the same time, we cannot use them for temperature estimation.

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Figure 2. Twelve types of operational principles based on X(T).

References

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Zhiwei Xu
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