Submitted Successfully!
To reward your contribution, here is a gift for you: A free trial for our video production service.
Thank you for your contribution! You can also upload a video entry or images related to this topic.
Version Summary Created by Modification Content Size Created at Operation
1
Dean Liu
 + 471 word(s) 471 2020-12-15 07:55:18

Video Upload Options

Do you have a full video?
Send video materials Upload full video

Confirm

Are you sure to Delete?
Yes No
Cite
If you have any further questions, please contact Encyclopedia Editorial Office.
Liu, D. GPC3 Gene. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/3809 (accessed on 19 April 2024).
Liu D. GPC3 Gene. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/3809. Accessed April 19, 2024.
Liu, Dean. "GPC3 Gene" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/3809 (accessed April 19, 2024).
Liu, D. (2020, December 22). GPC3 Gene. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/3809
Liu, Dean. "GPC3 Gene." Encyclopedia. Web. 22 December, 2020.
GPC3 Gene
Edit
This entry is adapted from the peer-reviewed paper https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/gpc3

Glypican 3

genes

1. Introduction

The GPC3 gene provides instructions for making a protein called glypican 3. This protein is one of several glypicans in humans, each of which consists of a core protein attached to long sugar molecules called heparan sulfate chains. Glypicans are anchored to the outer cell membrane, where they interact with a variety of other proteins outside the cell. Glypicans appear to play important roles in development before birth. These proteins are involved in numerous cell functions, including regulating cell growth and division (cell proliferation) and cell survival.

Several studies have found that glypican 3 interacts with other proteins at the surface of cells to restrain cell proliferation. Specifically, glypican 3 blocks (inhibits) a developmental pathway called the hedgehog signaling pathway. This pathway is critical for cell proliferation, cell specialization, and the normal shaping (patterning) of many parts of the body during embryonic development.

Researchers believe that in some cell types, glypican 3 may act as a tumor suppressor, which is a protein that prevents cells from growing and dividing in an uncontrolled way to form a cancerous tumor. Glypican 3 may also cause some types of cells to self-destruct (undergo apoptosis) when they are no longer needed, which can help keep growth in check.

Although glypican 3 is known primarily as an inhibitor of cell growth and cell division, in some tissues it appears to have the opposite effect. Research suggests that in certain types of cells, such as cells in the liver, glypican 3 may interact with proteins called growth factors to promote cell growth and cell division.

2. Health Conditions Related to Genetic Changes

2.1. Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome

More than 50 mutations in the GPC3 gene have been identified in people with Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome. This condition is classified as an overgrowth syndrome, which means that affected infants are considerably larger than normal at birth (macrosomia) and continue to grow and gain weight at an unusual rate. The condition can also be associated with a variety of other birth defects and health problems.

Most of the mutations that cause Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome delete part or all of the GPC3 gene, which prevents cells from producing functional glypican 3. Other mutations insert or delete a small amount of genetic material in the gene, or change one or a few protein building blocks (amino acids) in glypican 3. These mutations change the structure of the protein.

Mutations in the GPC3 gene prevent glypican 3 from inhibiting the hedgehog signaling pathway. The resulting overactivity of this pathway leads to an increased rate of cell growth and division starting before birth. This increased cell proliferation accounts, at least in part, for the overgrowth that occurs in Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome. It is unclear how changes in hedgehog signaling contribute to the other abnormalities that can occur with this disorder.

3. Other Names for This Gene

  • DGSX

  • glypican proteoglycan 3

  • glypican-3

  • GPC3_HUMAN

  • GTR2-2

  • Intestinal protein OCI-5

  • MXR7

  • OCI-5

  • SGBS1

References

  1. Capurro MI, Xu P, Shi W, Li F, Jia A, Filmus J. Glypican-3 inhibits Hedgehogsignaling during development by competing with patched for Hedgehog binding. Dev Cell. 2008 May;14(5):700-11. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2008.03.006.
  2. Cottereau E, Mortemousque I, Moizard MP, Bürglen L, Lacombe D,Gilbert-Dussardier B, Sigaudy S, Boute O, David A, Faivre L, Amiel J, RobertsonR, Viana Ramos F, Bieth E, Odent S, Demeer B, Mathieu M, Gaillard D, VanMaldergem L, Baujat G, Maystadt I, Héron D, Verloes A, Philip N, Cormier-Daire V,Frouté MF, Pinson L, Blanchet P, Sarda P, Willems M, Jacquinet A, Ratbi I, VanDen Ende J, Lackmy-Port Lis M, Goldenberg A, Bonneau D, Rossignol S, Toutain A.Phenotypic spectrum of Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome in a series of 42 caseswith a mutation in GPC3 and review of the literature. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. 2013 May;163C(2):92-105. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31360.Review.
  3. Davoodi J, Kelly J, Gendron NH, MacKenzie AE. The Simpson-Golabi-Behmelsyndrome causative glypican-3, binds to and inhibits the dipeptidyl peptidaseactivity of CD26. Proteomics. 2007 Jun;7(13):2300-10.
  4. Sajorda BJ, Gonzalez-Gandolfi CX, Hathaway ER, Kalish JM.Simpson-Golabi-Behmel Syndrome Type 1. 2006 Dec 19 [updated 2018 Nov 29]. In:Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJH, Stephens K, Amemiya A,editors. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington,Seattle; 1993-2020. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1219/
  5. Sakazume S, Okamoto N, Yamamoto T, Kurosawa K, Numabe H, Ohashi Y, Kako Y,Nagai T, Ohashi H. GPC3 mutations in seven patients with Simpson-Golabi-Behmelsyndrome. Am J Med Genet A. 2007 Aug 1;143A(15):1703-7.
  6. Schmidt J, Hollstein R, Kaiser FJ, Gillessen-Kaesbach G. Molecular analysis ofa novel intragenic deletion in GPC3 in three cousins with Simpson-Golabi-Behmelsyndrome. Am J Med Genet A. 2017 May;173(5):1400-1405. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38188.
  7. Veugelers M, Cat BD, Muyldermans SY, Reekmans G, Delande N, Frints S, LegiusE, Fryns JP, Schrander-Stumpel C, Weidle B, Magdalena N, David G. Mutationalanalysis of the GPC3/GPC4 glypican gene cluster on Xq26 in patients withSimpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome: identification of loss-of-function mutations inthe GPC3 gene. Hum Mol Genet. 2000 May 22;9(9):1321-8.
More
©Text is available under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons-Attribution ShareAlike (CC BY-SA) license; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy.
Upload a video for this entry
Information
Subjects: Genetics & Heredity
Contributor MDPI registered users' name will be linked to their SciProfiles pages. To register with us, please refer to https://encyclopedia.pub/register :
Dean Liu
View Times: 248
Entry Collection: MedlinePlus
Revision: 1 time (View History)
Update Date: 22 Dec 2020
Table of Contents
    1000/1000
    Hot Most Recent
    Feedback