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Zhou, V. ATM Gene. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/4786 (accessed on 25 April 2024).
Zhou V. ATM Gene. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/4786. Accessed April 25, 2024.
Zhou, Vicky. "ATM Gene" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/4786 (accessed April 25, 2024).
Zhou, V. (2020, December 24). ATM Gene. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/4786
Zhou, Vicky. "ATM Gene." Encyclopedia. Web. 24 December, 2020.
ATM Gene
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This entry is adapted from the peer-reviewed paper https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/atm

ATM serine/threonine kinase

genes

1. Normal Function

The ATM gene provides instructions for making a protein that is located primarily in the nucleus of cells, where it helps control the rate at which cells grow and divide. This protein also plays an important role in the normal development and activity of several body systems, including the nervous system and the immune system. Additionally, the ATM protein assists cells in recognizing damaged or broken DNA strands. DNA can be damaged by agents such as toxic chemicals or radiation. Breaks in DNA strands also occur naturally when chromosomes exchange genetic material during cell division. The ATM protein coordinates DNA repair by activating enzymes that fix the broken strands. Efficient repair of damaged DNA strands helps maintain the stability of the cell's genetic information.

Because of its central role in cell division and DNA repair, the ATM protein is of great interest in cancer research.

2. Health Conditions Related to Genetic Changes

2.1. Ataxia-telangiectasia

Researchers have identified several hundred mutations in the ATM gene that cause ataxia-telangiectasia. People with this disorder have mutations in both copies of the ATM gene in each cell. Most of these mutations disrupt protein production, resulting in an abnormally small, nonfunctional version of the ATM protein. Cells without any functional ATM protein are hypersensitive to radiation and do not respond normally to DNA damage. Instead of activating DNA repair, the defective ATM protein allows mutations to accumulate in other genes, which may cause cells to grow and divide in an uncontrolled way. This kind of unregulated cell growth can lead to the formation of cancerous tumors. In addition, ATM mutations can allow cells to die inappropriately, particularly affecting cells in a part of the brain involved in coordinating movements (the cerebellum). This loss of brain cells causes the movement problems characteristic of ataxia-telangiectasia.

2.2. Bladder cancer

Bladder cancer

2.3. Breast cancer

Breast cancer

2.4. Melanoma

Melanoma

2.5. Other cancers

Research suggests that people who carry one mutated copy of the ATM gene in each cell may have an increased risk of developing several other types of cancer. In particular, some studies have shown that cancers of the breast, stomach, bladder, pancreas, lung, and ovaries occur more frequently in ATM mutation carriers than in people who do not carry these mutations. The results of similar studies, however, have been conflicting. Additional research is needed to clarify which other types of cancer, if any, are associated with ATM mutations.

3. Other Names for This Gene

  • AT mutated
  • AT protein
  • AT1
  • ATA
  • ataxia telangiectasia mutated
  • ataxia telangiectasia mutated (includes complementation groups A, C and D)
  • ataxia telangiectasia mutated protein
  • ATC
  • ATD
  • ATDC
  • ATE
  • ATM_HUMAN
  • human phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase homolog
  • serine-protein kinase ATM
  • TEL1
  • TELO1

References

  1. Ahmed M, Rahman N. ATM and breast cancer susceptibility. Oncogene. 2006 Sep25;25(43):5906-11. Review.
  2. Bradbury JM, Jackson SP. ATM and ATR. Curr Biol. 2003 Jun 17;13(12):R468.
  3. Geoffroy-Perez B, Janin N, Ossian K, Laugé A, Croquette MF, Griscelli C, DebréM, Bressac-de-Paillerets B, Aurias A, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Andrieu N. Cancer risk inheterozygotes for ataxia-telangiectasia. Int J Cancer. 2001 Jul 15;93(2):288-93.
  4. Gumy-Pause F, Wacker P, Sappino AP. ATM gene and lymphoid malignancies.Leukemia. 2004 Feb;18(2):238-42. Review.
  5. Hall J. The Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated gene and breast cancer: geneexpression profiles and sequence variants. Cancer Lett. 2005 Sep28;227(2):105-14.
  6. Kim JH, Kim H, Lee KY, Choe KH, Ryu JS, Yoon HI, Sung SW, Yoo KY, Hong YC.Genetic polymorphisms of ataxia telangiectasia mutated affect lung cancer risk.Hum Mol Genet. 2006 Apr 1;15(7):1181-6.
  7. Kitagawa R, Kastan MB. The ATM-dependent DNA damage signaling pathway. ColdSpring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 2005;70:99-109. Review.
  8. Kurz EU, Lees-Miller SP. DNA damage-induced activation of ATM andATM-dependent signaling pathways. DNA Repair (Amst). 2004 Aug-Sep;3(8-9):889-900.Review.
  9. Lavin MF, Birrell G, Chen P, Kozlov S, Scott S, Gueven N. ATM signaling andgenomic stability in response to DNA damage. Mutat Res. 2005 Jan6;569(1-2):123-32. Review.
  10. Lavin MF, Kozlov S. DNA damage-induced signalling in ataxia-telangiectasia andrelated syndromes. Radiother Oncol. 2007 Jun;83(3):231-7.Review.
  11. McKinnon PJ. ATM and ataxia telangiectasia. EMBO Rep. 2004 Aug;5(8):772-6.Review.
  12. Motoyama N, Naka K. DNA damage tumor suppressor genes and genomic instability.Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2004 Feb;14(1):11-6. Review.
  13. Prokopcova J, Kleibl Z, Banwell CM, Pohlreich P. The role of ATM in breastcancer development. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2007 Aug;104(2):121-8.
  14. Renwick A, Thompson D, Seal S, Kelly P, Chagtai T, Ahmed M, North B,Jayatilake H, Barfoot R, Spanova K, McGuffog L, Evans DG, Eccles D; Breast CancerSusceptibility Collaboration (UK), Easton DF, Stratton MR, Rahman N. ATMmutations that cause ataxia-telangiectasia are breast cancer susceptibilityalleles. Nat Genet. 2006 Aug;38(8):873-5.
  15. Shiloh Y. ATM and related protein kinases: safeguarding genome integrity. Nat Rev Cancer. 2003 Mar;3(3):155-68. Review.
  16. Thompson D, Duedal S, Kirner J, McGuffog L, Last J, Reiman A, Byrd P, TaylorM, Easton DF. Cancer risks and mortality in heterozygous ATM mutation carriers. JNatl Cancer Inst. 2005 Jun 1;97(11):813-22.
  17. Yang J, Yu Y, Hamrick HE, Duerksen-Hughes PJ. ATM, ATR and DNA-PK: initiators of the cellular genotoxic stress responses. Carcinogenesis. 2003Oct;24(10):1571-80.
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Subjects: Genetics & Heredity
Contributor MDPI registered users' name will be linked to their SciProfiles pages. To register with us, please refer to https://encyclopedia.pub/register :
Vicky Zhou
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Entry Collection: MedlinePlus
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Update Date: 24 Dec 2020
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