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Yang, C. Autosomal Recessive Hypotrichosis. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/4901 (accessed on 25 April 2024).
Yang C. Autosomal Recessive Hypotrichosis. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/4901. Accessed April 25, 2024.
Yang, Catherine. "Autosomal Recessive Hypotrichosis" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/4901 (accessed April 25, 2024).
Yang, C. (2020, December 24). Autosomal Recessive Hypotrichosis. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/4901
Yang, Catherine. "Autosomal Recessive Hypotrichosis." Encyclopedia. Web. 24 December, 2020.
Autosomal Recessive Hypotrichosis
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This entry is adapted from the peer-reviewed paper https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/autosomal-recessive-hypotrichosis

Autosomal recessive hypotrichosis is a condition that affects hair growth. People with this condition have sparse hair (hypotrichosis) on the scalp beginning in infancy. This hair is usually coarse, dry, and tightly curled (often described as woolly hair). Scalp hair may also be lighter in color than expected and is fragile and easily broken. Affected individuals often cannot grow hair longer than a few inches. The eyebrows, eyelashes, and other body hair may be sparse as well. Over time, the hair problems can remain stable or progress to complete scalp hair loss (alopecia) and a decrease in body hair.

genetic conditions

1. Introduction

Rarely, people with autosomal recessive hypotrichosis have skin problems affecting areas with sparse hair, such as redness (erythema), itchiness (pruritus), or missing patches of skin (erosions) on the scalp. In areas of poor hair growth, they may also develop bumps called hyperkeratotic follicular papules that develop around hair follicles, which are specialized structures in the skin where hair growth occurs.

2. Frequency

The worldwide prevalence of autosomal recessive hypotrichosis is unknown. In Japan, the condition is estimated to affect 1 in 10,000 individuals.

3. Causes

Autosomal recessive hypotrichosis can be caused by mutations in the LIPH, LPAR6, or DSG4 gene. These genes provide instructions for making proteins that are involved in the growth and division (proliferation) and maturation (differentiation) of cells within hair follicles. These cell processes are important for the normal development of hair follicles and for hair growth; as the cells in the hair follicle divide, the hair strand (shaft) is pushed upward and extends beyond the skin, causing the hair to grow. The proteins produced from the LIPH, LPAR6, and DSG4 genes are also found in the outermost layer of skin (the epidermis) and glands in the skin that produce a substance that protects the skin and hair (sebaceous glands).

Mutations in the LIPH, LPAR6, or DSG4 gene result in the production of abnormal proteins that cannot aid in the development of hair follicles. As a result, hair follicles are structurally abnormal and often underdeveloped. Irregular hair follicles alter the structure and growth of hair shafts, leading to woolly, fragile hair that is easily broken. A lack of these proteins in the epidermis likely contributes to the skin problems sometimes seen in affected individuals.

In some areas of the body, other proteins can compensate for the function of the missing protein, so not all areas with hair are affected and not all individuals have skin problems.

3.1. The genes associated with Autosomal recessive hypotrichosis

  • DSG4
  • LIPH
  • LPAR6

4. Inheritance

This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but they typically do not show signs and symptoms of the condition.

5.Other Names for This Condition

  • AH
  • autosomal recessive localized hypotrichosis
  • autosomal recessive woolly hair with or without hypotrichosis
  • HTL
  • hypotrichoses
  • hypotrichosis
  • LAH
  • total hypotrichosis, Mari type

References

  1. Azeem Z, Jelani M, Naz G, Tariq M, Wasif N, Kamran-Ul-Hassan Naqvi S, Ayub M, Yasinzai M, Amin-Ud-Din M, Wali A, Ali G, Chishti MS, Ahmad W. Novel mutations inG protein-coupled receptor gene (P2RY5) in families with autosomal recessivehypotrichosis (LAH3). Hum Genet. 2008 Jun;123(5):515-9. doi:10.1007/s00439-008-0507-7.
  2. Horev L, Tosti A, Rosen I, Hershko K, Vincenzi C, Nanova K, Mali A, Potikha T,Zlotogorski A. Mutations in lipase H cause autosomal recessive hypotrichosissimplex with woolly hair. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009 Nov;61(5):813-8. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2009.04.020.
  3. Khan S, Habib R, Mir H, Umm-e-Kalsoom, Naz G, Ayub M, Shafique S, Yamin T, AliN, Basit S, Wasif N, Kamran-Ul-Hassan Naqvi S, Ali G, Wali A, Ansar M, Ahmad W.Mutations in the LPAR6 and LIPH genes underlie autosomal recessivehypotrichosis/woolly hair in 17 consanguineous families from Pakistan. Clin ExpDermatol. 2011 Aug;36(6):652-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2011.04014.x.
  4. Kurban M, Wajid M, Shimomura Y, Christiano AM. Mutations in LPAR6/P2RY5 andLIPH are associated with woolly hair and/or hypotrichosis. J Eur Acad DermatolVenereol. 2013 May;27(5):545-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04472.x.
  5. Schaffer JV, Bazzi H, Vitebsky A, Witkiewicz A, Kovich OI, Kamino H, ShapiroLS, Amin SP, Orlow SJ, Christiano AM. Mutations in the desmoglein 4 gene underlielocalized autosomal recessive hypotrichosis with monilethrix hairs and congenitalscalp erosions. J Invest Dermatol. 2006 Jun;126(6):1286-91.
  6. Shimomura Y, Wajid M, Petukhova L, Shapiro L, Christiano AM. Mutations in the lipase H gene underlie autosomal recessive woolly hair/hypotrichosis. J InvestDermatol. 2009 Mar;129(3):622-8. doi: 10.1038/jid.2008.290.
  7. Shimomura Y. Congenital hair loss disorders: rare, but not too rare. JDermatol. 2012 Jan;39(1):3-10. doi: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2011.01395.x.
  8. Shinkuma S, Akiyama M, Inoue A, Aoki J, Natsuga K, Nomura T, Arita K, Abe R,Ito K, Nakamura H, Ujiie H, Shibaki A, Suga H, Tsunemi Y, Nishie W, Shimizu H.Prevalent LIPH founder mutations lead to loss of P2Y5 activation ability ofPA-PLA1alpha in autosomal recessive hypotrichosis. Hum Mutat. 2010May;31(5):602-10. doi: 10.1002/humu.21235.
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Subjects: Genetics & Heredity
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Catherine Yang
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Entry Collection: MedlinePlus
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Update Date: 24 Dec 2020
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