LPAR6 Gene

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This entry is adapted from the peer-reviewed paper https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/lpar6

Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 6

genes

1. Introduction

The LPAR6 gene provides instructions for making a protein called lysophosphatidic acid receptor 6 (LPA₆). This protein functions as a receptor. Receptor proteins have particular sites into which certain other proteins, called ligands, fit like keys into locks. A specific fat called lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is the ligand for the LPA₆ protein. LPA can attach to many receptors, but LPA₆ is the only LPA receptor found in hair follicles. Hair follicles are specialized structures in the skin where hair growth occurs. As the cells in the hair follicle divide, the hair strand (shaft) is pushed upward and extends beyond the skin, causing the hair to grow. The LPA₆ protein is also found in the outermost layer of skin (the epidermis). Attachment of LPA to LPA₆ helps regulate the growth and division (proliferation) and maturation (differentiation) of cells in the hair follicle.

2. Health Conditions Related to Genetic Changes

2.1. Autosomal Recessive Hypotrichosis

More than 30 LPAR6 gene mutations have been found to cause autosomal recessive hypotrichosis, a condition that results in sparse hair growth (hypotrichosis) on the scalp and, less frequently, other parts of the body. Some mutations are specific to populations with Pakistani ancestry. LPAR6 gene mutations lead to the production of an abnormal LPA₆ protein that cannot bind to LPA to regulate cell proliferation and differentiation within hair follicles. As a result, hair follicles are structurally abnormal and often underdeveloped. Irregular hair follicles alter the structure and growth of hair shafts, leading to fragile hair that breaks easily. A lack of LPA₆ protein function in the epidermis likely contributes to the skin problems sometimes seen in individuals with autosomal recessive hypotrichosis.

2.2. Other Disorders

Mutations in the LPAR6 gene can also cause a hair condition called autosomal recessive woolly hair. People with this condition have hair that is unusually coarse, dry, fine, and tightly curled. Woolly hair typically affects only scalp hair and is present from birth. In some cases, affected individuals develop hypotrichosis as they get older. Certain LPAR6 gene mutations cause autosomal recessive woolly hair in some people and autosomal recessive hypotrichosis (described above) in others, even among members of the same family. Because of a shared genetic cause and overlapping features, it is uncertain whether these two conditions are separate disorders or part of the same disease spectrum.

3. Other Names for This Gene

G-protein coupled purinergic receptor P2Y5
LPA receptor 6
LPA-6
LPAR6_HUMAN
oleoyl-L-alpha-lysophosphatidic acid receptor
P2RY5
P2Y purinoceptor 5
P2Y5
purinergic receptor 5
purinergic receptor P2Y G protein-coupled protein 5
purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 5
RB intron encoded G-protein coupled receptor

References

Azeem Z, Jelani M, Naz G, Tariq M, Wasif N, Kamran-Ul-Hassan Naqvi S, Ayub M, Yasinzai M, Amin-Ud-Din M, Wali A, Ali G, Chishti MS, Ahmad W. Novel mutations inG protein-coupled receptor gene (P2RY5) in families with autosomal recessivehypotrichosis (LAH3). Hum Genet. 2008 Jun;123(5):515-9. doi:10.1007/s00439-008-0507-7.
Khan S, Habib R, Mir H, Umm-e-Kalsoom, Naz G, Ayub M, Shafique S, Yamin T, AliN, Basit S, Wasif N, Kamran-Ul-Hassan Naqvi S, Ali G, Wali A, Ansar M, Ahmad W.Mutations in the LPAR6 and LIPH genes underlie autosomal recessivehypotrichosis/woolly hair in 17 consanguineous families from Pakistan. Clin ExpDermatol. 2011 Aug;36(6):652-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2011.04014.x.
Kurban M, Wajid M, Shimomura Y, Christiano AM. Mutations in LPAR6/P2RY5 andLIPH are associated with woolly hair and/or hypotrichosis. J Eur Acad DermatolVenereol. 2013 May;27(5):545-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04472.x.
Pasternack SM, von Kügelgen I, Al Aboud K, Lee YA, Rüschendorf F, Voss K,Hillmer AM, Molderings GJ, Franz T, Ramirez A, Nürnberg P, Nöthen MM, Betz RC. G protein-coupled receptor P2Y5 and its ligand LPA are involved in maintenance ofhuman hair growth. Nat Genet. 2008 Mar;40(3):329-34. doi: 10.1038/ng.84.
Shimomura Y, Wajid M, Ishii Y, Shapiro L, Petukhova L, Gordon D, ChristianoAM. Disruption of P2RY5, an orphan G protein-coupled receptor, underliesautosomal recessive woolly hair. Nat Genet. 2008 Mar;40(3):335-9. doi:10.1038/ng.100.
Tariq M, Ayub M, Jelani M, Basit S, Naz G, Wasif N, Raza SI, Naveed AK, ullah Khan S, Azeem Z, Yasinzai M, Wali A, Ali G, Chishti MS, Ahmad W. Mutations in theP2RY5 gene underlie autosomal recessive hypotrichosis in 13 Pakistani families.Br J Dermatol. 2009 May;160(5):1006-10. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09046.x.

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Subjects: Genetics & Heredity

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Dean Liu

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Entry Collection: MedlinePlus

Update Date: 23 Dec 2020

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