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Liu, D. KRT16 Gene. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/4340 (accessed on 24 April 2024).
Liu D. KRT16 Gene. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/4340. Accessed April 24, 2024.
Liu, Dean. "KRT16 Gene" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/4340 (accessed April 24, 2024).
Liu, D. (2020, December 23). KRT16 Gene. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/4340
Liu, Dean. "KRT16 Gene." Encyclopedia. Web. 23 December, 2020.
KRT16 Gene
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This entry is adapted from the peer-reviewed paper https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/krt16

Keratin 16

genes

1. Introduction

The KRT16 gene provides instructions for making a protein called keratin 16 or K16. Keratins are a group of tough, fibrous proteins that form the structural framework of certain cells, particularly cells that make up the skin, hair, and nails. Keratin 16 is produced in the nails, the skin on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, and the oral mucosa that lines the inside of the mouth.

Keratin 16 partners with a similar protein, keratin 6a, to form molecules called keratin intermediate filaments. These filaments assemble into dense networks that provide strength and resilience to the skin, nails, and other tissues. Networks of keratin intermediate filaments protect these tissues from being damaged by friction and other everyday physical stresses. Keratin 16 is also among several keratins involved in wound healing.

2. Health Conditions Related to Genetic Changes

2.1. Pachyonychia Congenita

At least 19 mutations in the KRT16 gene have been identified in people with pachyonychia congenita, a rare condition that primarily affects the nails and skin. In most cases, this condition becomes apparent within the first few months of life. Most of the KRT16 gene mutations associated with pachyonychia congenita change single protein building blocks (amino acids) in keratin 16. A few mutations delete a small number of amino acids from the protein.

The KRT16 gene mutations responsible for pachyonychia congenita change the structure of keratin 16, preventing it from interacting effectively with keratin 6a and interfering with the assembly of the keratin intermediate filament network. Without this network, skin cells become fragile and are easily damaged, making the skin less resistant to friction and minor trauma. Even normal activities such as walking can cause skin cells to break down, resulting in the formation of severe, painful blisters and calluses. Additionally, fragile skin cells may abnormally produce more keratin in response to damage, which makes the skin problems worse. Defective keratin 16 also disrupts the growth and function of other tissues, such as the hair follicles and nails, which explains why the signs and symptoms of pachyonychia congenita can also affect these other parts of the body.

3. Other Names for This Gene

  • CK16

  • cytokeratin 16

  • cytokeratin-16

  • K16

  • K1C16_HUMAN

  • K1CP

  • keratin 16 (focal non-epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma)

  • keratin 16, type I

  • keratin, type I cytoskeletal 16

  • keratin-16

  • KRT16A

  • NEPPK

References

  1. Fu T, Leachman SA, Wilson NJ, Smith FJ, Schwartz ME, Tang JY.Genotype-phenotype correlations among pachyonychia congenita patients with K16mutations. J Invest Dermatol. 2011 May;131(5):1025-8. doi: 10.1038/jid.2010.373.
  2. McLean WH, Hansen CD, Eliason MJ, Smith FJ. The phenotypic and moleculargenetic features of pachyonychia congenita. J Invest Dermatol. 2011May;131(5):1015-7. doi: 10.1038/jid.2011.59.
  3. McLean WH, Rugg EL, Lunny DP, Morley SM, Lane EB, Swensson O,Dopping-Hepenstal PJ, Griffiths WA, Eady RA, Higgins C, et al. Keratin 16 andkeratin 17 mutations cause pachyonychia congenita. Nat Genet. 1995Mar;9(3):273-8.
  4. Paladini RD, Takahashi K, Gant TM, Coulombe PA. cDNA cloning and bacterialexpression of the human type I keratin 16. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995 Oct13;215(2):517-23.
  5. Smith FJ, Fisher MP, Healy E, Rees JL, Bonifas JM, Epstein EH Jr, Tan EM,Uitto J, McLean WH. Novel keratin 16 mutations and protein expression studies in pachyonychia congenita type 1 and focal palmoplantar keratoderma. Exp Dermatol.2000 Jun;9(3):170-7.
  6. Smith FJ, Liao H, Cassidy AJ, Stewart A, Hamill KJ, Wood P, Joval I, vanSteensel MA, Björck E, Callif-Daley F, Pals G, Collins P, Leachman SA, Munro CS, McLean WH. The genetic basis of pachyonychia congenita. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc. 2005 Oct;10(1):21-30. Review.
  7. Terrinoni A, Smith FJ, Didona B, Canzona F, Paradisi M, Huber M, Hohl D, DavidA, Verloes A, Leigh IM, Munro CS, Melino G, McLean WH. Novel and recurrentmutations in the genes encoding keratins K6a, K16 and K17 in 13 cases ofpachyonychia congenita. J Invest Dermatol. 2001 Dec;117(6):1391-6.
  8. Wilson NJ, O'Toole EA, Milstone LM, Hansen CD, Shepherd AA, Al-Asadi E,Schwartz ME, McLean WH, Sprecher E, Smith FJ. The molecular genetic analysis ofthe expanding pachyonychia congenita case collection. Br J Dermatol. 2014Aug;171(2):343-55. doi: 10.1111/bjd.12958.
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Subjects: Genetics & Heredity
Contributor MDPI registered users' name will be linked to their SciProfiles pages. To register with us, please refer to https://encyclopedia.pub/register :
Dean Liu
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Entry Collection: MedlinePlus
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Update Date: 23 Dec 2020
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