Summary

Hypertension is a major public health concern worldwide because of its rising prevalence and concomitant risks of cardiovascular diseases. Coping strategies may encompass a full spectrum of clinical, epidemiological, experimental, and technological factors to inspire front-line practices and shape critical thinking. This entry collection aims to assemble entries of wealthy topics related to clinical, therapeutic, and population sciences of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases that could inform research scientists and healthcare professionals.

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Entries
Topic Review
Marine-Derived Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Heart Failure
Heart failure (HF) is a rapidly growing global public health problem. Since HF results in high mortality and re-hospitalization, new effective treatments are desired. Although it remains controversial, omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), such as the eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, have been widely recognized to have benefits for HF.
  • 1.0K
  • 11 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Effect of Resveratrol on the Cardiovascular System
RES (3,5,4-trihydroxystilbene), a natural phytoalexin found in a wide variety of plants (e.g., nuts, berries, and grapes) is produced in response to environmental stress. RES exists as two geometric isomers: cis-(Z) and trans-(E). Trans- and cis-resveratrol can be either free or bound to glucose. 
  • 1.1K
  • 09 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Preoperative Planning for Superior Mesenteric Artery Aneurysm
Surgical procedures on various artery aneurysms are difficult to perform and require careful preparation. We have developed a software platform, CardioCTNav, that can help in planning such procedures. The planning consists of a 3D rendering of the area of interest, virtual angiography, automated measurements, and virtual stent simulation.
  • 1.1K
  • 05 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Ultrasound Assessment in Cardiogenic Shock Weaning
Cardiogenic shock (CS) is associated with a high in-hospital mortality despite the achieved advances in diagnosis and management. Invasive mechanical ventilation and circulatory support constitute the highest step in cardiogenic shock therapy. Once established, taking the decision of weaning from such support is challenging. Intensive care unit (ICU) bedside echocardiography pro- vides noninvasive, immediate, and low-cost monitoring of hemodynamic parameters such as cardiac output, filling pressure, structural disease, congestion status, and device functioning. Supplemented by an ultrasound of the lung and diaphragm, it is able to provide valuable information about signs suggesting a weaning failure. The aim of this article was to review the state of the art taking into account current evidence and knowledge on ICU bedside ultrasound for the evaluation of weaning from mechanical ventilation and circulatory support in cardiogenic shock.
  • 842
  • 03 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cardiovascular Diseases
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide. It is estimated that approximately 18.5 million people die annually on account of these diseases, with a third of these people dying under the age of 70 years. Identifying those most affected by CVDs and ensuring they receive the appropriate treatment can prevent premature deaths. Furthermore, the development of new therapeutic strategies and biomarkers with the potential to predict the progression of CVDs is fundamental to reducing mortality worldwide. CVDs can be defined as disorders that affect the heart or blood vessels such as heart failure, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral arterial disease, and congenital heart disease.
  • 1.2K
  • 30 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Honey and Atherosclerosis
Honey, a natural sweetener has been used universally as a complete food and in complementary medicine since early antiquity. Honey contains over 180 substances, including sugars mainly fructose and glucose, water and a plethora of minor constituents such as vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals.  Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease occurring in the inner lining of arterial walls due to the progressive plaque formation. Multiple risk factors are implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, including oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes and cigarette smoking.
  • 5.0K
  • 29 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Microbiota-derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Obesity
Microbiota-derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs), primarily acetate, propionate and butyrate, are metabolites produced by gut microbiota via dietary non-digestible carbohydrates (CHO) fermentation. Maternal very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) during pregnancy and lactation stimulates the growth of diverse species of SCFA-producing bacteria, which may induce epigenetic changes in infant obese gene expression and modulate adipose tissue inflammation in obesity.
  • 981
  • 29 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve-in-Valve Procedure
Severe tricuspid commitment is no longer understood as merely a marker of disease but is now widely thought of as a significant contributor to cardiac morbidity and mortality. However, isolated tricuspid valve surgery remains rare and to this day continues to be associated with the highest surgical risk among all valve procedures and high operative mortality rates, especially in reoperations. Therefore, the development of tricuspid transcatheter procedures is as necessary as it was for the other valves a couple of years ago. Recently, multiple percutaneous therapies have been developed for the management of severe tricuspid disease, initially only repair and more recently replacement, thus creating a new branch for the management of patients who have already undergone surgery and who present with dysfunctional bioprostheses.
  • 1.0K
  • 20 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Tricuspid Atresia
Tricuspid atresia (TA) is a cyanotic, congenital heart defect (CHD) and is defined as congenital absence or agenesis of the morphologic tricuspid valve. It is the third most common cyanotic CHD, and is the most common cause of cyanosis with left ventricular hypertrophy. The prevalence of TA is estimated to be 2.9% of autopsy cases and 1.4% to 1.5% of the clinical cases of CHD.
  • 4.7K
  • 20 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Cardiotoxicity of Fluoropyrimidines
The definition of cardiotoxicity includes not only clinical symptoms but also changes in left ventricular ejection fraction or histopathological changes in cardiomyocytes. Cardiotoxicity is a rare but serious complication of cytostatic agents, defined as a negative impact on heart function or cardiac cells. Fluoropyrimidine cardiotoxicity was first described in 1969, and since then, many studies have confirmed these findings, but many details such as incidence, mechanisms, and treatment are unclear and remain disputed.
  • 1.1K
  • 20 Oct 2021
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