Summary

Eng (ISSN 2673-4117) is an international, peer-reviewed open access journal which publishes original papers, critical reviews, rapid communications, technical notes, and discussions on all areas of engineering. Eng's aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical research relating to engineering science and technology in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the maximum length of the papers. Launched in 2020, Eng was indexed in Scopus in 2023. The journal was subsequently included in the Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI, Web of Science) in March 2024 and Ei Compendex in April 2025. It holds a 2025 Impact Factor of 3.5 and is ranked JCR Q1 in the “ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY” category. Its 2025 CiteScore is 4.1, and it currently ranks Q2 in Scopus’ “Engineering (miscellaneous)” category.

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Topic Review
Fluid-Structure Interaction in Civil Engineering
Fluid-structure interaction in civil engineering refers to mutual two-way coupled physical phenomena occurring between fluid flow and large-scale civil engineering structural components [1]. Fluid flow imposes time-varying pressure fields and shear stress loads upon structural surfaces; the resulting structural deformation, displacement and vibration responses conversely modify the local flow field distribution, flow separation pattern and vortex shedding characteristics of the surrounding fluid [2]. This coupling behaviour commonly emerges in civil infrastructures such as long-span bridges, high-rise buildings, offshore civil platforms, dams and hydraulic conduits under wind loading, wave loading or current loading conditions. Conceptually it excludes one-way static load calculation approaches, in which fluid pressure is applied onto structures without considering structural motion feedback modifying fluid flow states. It describes inherent coupled physical mechanisms rather than specific numerical analysis algorithms or engineering mitigation measures [3].
  • 12
  • 21 Sep 2026
Topic Review
Energy-Critical Mineral
Energy-critical minerals are mineral and metallic raw materials that possess essential technical and economic importance for the manufacturing, deployment and operation of clean energy-related facilities, including renewable energy generators, electrochemical energy storage equipment, electric mobility hardware and power grid infrastructure [1]. Criticality status is jointly determined by two interrelated dimensions: supply chain related supply risk factors such as geographic concentration, geopolitical vulnerability and production concentration, and the magnitude of negative impact on clean energy transition pathways under supply disruption scenarios [2]. These minerals do not necessarily generate energy by themselves; their critical attribute originates from their irreplaceable material function within clean energy technology chains. The critical mineral classification boundary dynamically evolves with advances in technology, material substitution possibilities and shifts in global mineral supply and demand patterns [3].
  • 6
  • 21 Sep 2026
Topic Review
Vehicle-to-Home
Vehicle-to-home (V2H) describes a bidirectional electric energy transfer interface concept that enables the onboard traction battery energy storage system of plug-in electric vehicles to supply electrical power for residential household loads through dedicated power conversion and interconnection hardware [1]. Under V2H operation modes, the electric vehicle functions as a mobile distributed energy resource that can provide backup power for domestic appliances and critical residential loads during grid outages, or support residential energy management and load shifting applications when the utility grid remains connected [2]. It defines the energy flow relationship between the electric vehicle battery system and residential premises; it is conceptually differentiated from vehicle-to-grid, whose primary objective is feeding power back to utility distribution networks at grid level rather than serving individual residential loads [3].
  • 6
  • 21 Sep 2026
Topic Review
RF Signal Processing
RF signal processing is the specialised technical field for manipulating electromagnetic signals falling within radio-frequency spectral bands, typically ranging from kilohertz to hundreds of gigahertz [1]. It implements signal operations such as filtering, frequency up-conversion and down-conversion, modulation and demodulation, interference suppression and power conditioning. Processing can be realised by analogue radio-frequency circuits composed of passive components and active semiconductor devices, or completed in the digital domain after high-speed radio-frequency sampling and digitisation [2]. It acts upon high-frequency carrier-modulated signals intended for wireless radiation through antennas or guided transmission along transmission lines and waveguides. Conceptually it differs from general-purpose baseband digital signal processing which operates upon demodulated low-frequency information signals [3].
  • 5
  • 21 Sep 2026
Topic Review
Low-Dimensional Material
Low-dimensional materials are condensed-matter solid materials whose physical size is confined to nanometre scale within at least one spatial direction, generating quantum confinement effects that distinguish their electronic, optical, thermal and mechanical behaviours from bulk three-dimensional solid counterparts [1]. According to the number of spatially confined directions, they are classified into zero-dimensional, one-dimensional and two-dimensional subcategories. Zero-dimensional materials include quantum dots and nanoparticles; one-dimensional forms contain nanowires and nanotubes; two-dimensional materials refer to atomically thin layered materials [2]. Classification is determined by geometric confinement and resulting quantum-size physical effects rather than fixed chemical composition. Multiple different chemical substances and crystal structures can fall under this material category provided they satisfy nanoscale spatial confinement criteria and exhibit corresponding quantum-modified physical properties [3].
  • 6
  • 21 Sep 2026
Topic Review
Power Electronics
Power electronics is an engineering discipline focused on the conversion, conditioning and control of electric power by means of power semiconductor switching devices, passive energy-storage components and associated control circuitry [1]. It implements controlled mutual conversion between alternating-current and direct-current electric energy forms, as well as adjustment of voltage magnitude, current amplitude and operating frequency for power-level energy flow [2]. It targets high-energy-flow power processing applications, and is conceptually distinct from small-signal analogue electronics which are primarily designed for information signal processing and communication rather than bulk energy conversion. The field encompasses converter topologies, semiconductor device physics, control algorithms, electromagnetic design and thermal management aspects of power conversion systems [3].
  • 2
  • 21 Sep 2026
Topic Review
Digital Signal Processing
Digital signal processing (DSP) is the theoretical and technical discipline that performs numerical computational operations upon discrete-time digital signal sequences obtained via sampling and quantisation of continuous analogue physical signals [1]. Typical computational operations include digital filtering, frequency-domain spectral transformation, feature extraction, noise suppression, signal reconstruction and parameter estimation. Unlike analogue signal processing which manipulates continuous physical waveforms directly through electronic circuits, all processing operations are completed by arithmetic calculation of discrete sampled numerical values [2]. Its theoretical framework applies universally across multiple signal modalities including audio, image, radio communication, biomedical and time-series sensor data. This concept covers both mathematical algorithm theory and corresponding hardware implementation principles for executing those algorithms on dedicated digital processing platforms [3].
  • 6
  • 21 Sep 2026
Topic Review
Self-Powered Sensing
Self-powered sensing is a sensing operational principle under which a sensor node harvests all required electrical working energy directly from surrounding ambient energy sources instead of relying on external wired power supply connections or pre-installed chemical batteries [1]. Available ambient energy forms that can be harvested include mechanical vibration, kinetic motion, thermal temperature gradients, ambient light illumination and environmental electromagnetic radiation [2]. The harvested energy is conditioned, regulated and stored locally to power sensor transduction, signal processing and data transmission functions. This concept defines the energy supply mechanism of the sensing node. It imposes no inherent restriction on the types of physical measurands, sensor transduction principles or signal output formats of the sensing device itself, and is applicable across temperature, vibration, chemical, biological and other sensing modalities [3].
  • 3
  • 21 Sep 2026
Topic Review
Water Infrastructure
Water infrastructure is a collective term for the interconnected network of physical engineered assets dedicated to the collection, storage, treatment, conveyance, distribution and disposal of water for municipal, industrial, agricultural and environmental purposes [1]. Its constituent facilities include raw water intake structures, water treatment plants, storage reservoirs, pumping stations, pressurised water supply pipe networks, sanitary sewer collection pipelines and wastewater treatment facilities [2]. This concept refers exclusively to physical hardware systems and built assets. Institutional management mechanisms, regulatory policy frameworks, water resource allocation rules and pricing mechanisms are not components of the water infrastructure definition itself, although they interact with and govern the operation of these physical assets [3].
  • 3
  • 21 Sep 2026
Topic Review
Autonomous Systems
Autonomous systems are technical systems equipped with integrated sensing, state estimation, reasoning, decision-making and actuation subsystems that can perceive external environmental states, generate context-appropriate goal-oriented decisions and execute corresponding physical actions without continuous real-time human operator command intervention [1]. Autonomy operates within predefined functional and environmental boundaries set by high-level human mission objectives; it does not imply full independence from human-set top-level goals, nor self-generated mission purposes outside originally defined operational constraints [2]. Different real-world implementations exhibit varying degrees of autonomy, ranging from conditional partial autonomy under human supervision to high-level full autonomy in structured environments. The core conceptual characteristic lies in the closed-loop perception-decision-action mechanism, distinguishing it from open-loop purely automated equipment that executes fixed pre-programmed sequences without environmental perception and adaptive feedback [3].
  • 3
  • 20 Sep 2026
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