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Topic Review
Academic Journals
Many academics are critical of the current publishing system, but it is difficult to create a better alternative. The perspective relates to the sciences and social sciences, and discusses the primary purpose of academic journals as providing a seal of approval for perceived quality, impact, significance, and importance. The key issues considered include the role of anonymous refereeing, continuous rather than discrete frequency of publications, avoidance of time wasting, and seeking adventure. Here we give recommendations about the organization of journal articles, the roles of associate editors and referees, measuring the time frame for refereeing submitted articles in days and weeks rather than months and years, encouraging open access internet publishing, emphasizing the continuity of publishing online, academic publishing as a continuous dynamic process, and how to improve research after publication. Citations and functions thereof, such as the journal impact factor and h-index are the benchmark for evaluating the importance and impact of academic journals and published articles. Even in the very top journals, a high proportion of published articles is never cited, not even by the authors themselves. Top journal publications do not guarantee that published articles will make significant contributions, or that they will ever be highly cited. The COVID-19 world should encourage academics worldwide not only to rethink academic teaching, but also to re-evaluate key issues associated with academic journal publishing in the future.   
  • 1.2K
  • 13 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Assessment of Citizens’ Netiquette and Information Literacy
In a rapidly evolving world, digital representation of information and its communication through digital technologies have transformed our daily life with severe consequences in terms of sustainability in society. Citizens must face demands of different natures of the digital world. The current society presents a new scenario that demands new perspectives for cyber connection and user empowerment. Digital competence (DC) taught and assessed was influenced by the framework chosen, based mainly on commercial applications such as Microsoft’s Office Suite and operating system. The launch of DigComp in 2013 facilitated the development of tailored implementations, providing a reference framework to work on DC. However, most of the implementations related to competence assessment are self-reports compounded by multiple-choice items and Likert scales, only measuring low-order cognitive skills (e.g., IKANOS, probably the best known self-diagnostic tool at a European level available on http://test.ikanos.eus/ (accessed on 3 March 2022)). Furthermore, the skill component of the DC is barely evaluated, probably because the development of simulations or task-based assessments is complicated and time consuming.
  • 648
  • 25 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Bibliometric Analysis of Objective&Subjective Risk
The bibliometric analysis is a useful method when it comes to quantifying research outputs and when using the Scopus database. Using the bibliometric analysis method, this study aims to identify documents from the Scopus database that are most cited when doing a research study related to “objective risk” or “subjective risk”. Likewise, this study also adopted the use of the bibliometric analysis method in identifying the top 20 main sources of most cited documents, authors of most cited documents, and countries of most cited documents.
  • 438
  • 30 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Big Data Usage in European Countries
Big data refers to the vast amount of structured and unstructured data generated in the digital era. It provides opportunities for analysis, prediction, and optimization. In Europe, big data is being increasingly used by businesses, organizations, and governments to gain insights and make informed decisions. However, the adoption and utilization of big data technologies vary across different European countries due to factors like infrastructure, policies, regulations, data privacy concerns, and digital maturity. Presented study aims to explore these variations, providing valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and businesses. It seeks to inform policy decisions, support business strategies, and enhance the understanding of big data in Europe.
  • 175
  • 26 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Business Simulation Games in the 21st Century
Business simulation games are interactive tools used in education to enhance learning experiences. They allow students to apply theoretical knowledge to practical scenarios, fostering skills like critical thinking and problem-solving. These games simulate real-world situations, providing a safe environment for students to experiment and learn. They offer a dynamic and interactive platform that encourages active participation and drives higher levels of understanding. Research in this field has identified trends and topics through systematic reviews, but has seen a stagnation since the 2000s. Despite this, the technology for these games is mature and continues to balance between learning-driven and domain-driven research.
  • 161
  • 26 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Carbon Emissions Trading
Carbon emissions trading is a market-oriented policy tool aimed at controlling greenhouse gas emissions. It addresses the issue of environmental resource constraints by clarifying property rights and transferring the costs of carbon-dioxide-emitting enterprises to society through market-oriented means. The specific transaction method involves allocating carbon emission rights to various enterprises based on a comprehensive assessment of the environmental capacity and resource status in the region, as well as the total amount of carbon dioxide control. This creates a market where enterprises can trade carbon emission rights.
  • 252
  • 09 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Collaborative Platforms for Sustainable E-Learning in Higher Education
E-learning platforms have become more and more complex. Their functionality included in learning management systems is extended with collaborative platforms, which allow better communication, group collaboration, and face-to-face lectures. Universities are facing the challenge of advanced use of these platforms to fulfil sustainable learning goals. Better usability and attractiveness became essential in successful e-learning platforms, especially due to the more intensive interactivity expected from students.
  • 1.1K
  • 09 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Collective Construction of a Concept
Collective construction of a concept can be understood as the negotiation of a meaning represented in the form of written definitions in a collaborative way. Although it can be understood as a reductionist view, these verbal externalizations will be necessary for a group of people to collectively construct a concept. 
  • 2.1K
  • 11 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Electronic Health Records
The increasing use of electronic health record (EHR)-based systems has led to the generation of clinical data at an unprecedented rate, which produces an untapped resource for healthcare experts to improve the quality of care. Despite the growing demand for adopting EHRs, the large amount of clinical data has made some analytical and cognitive processes more challenging. The emergence of a type of computational system called visual analytics has the potential to handle information overload challenges in EHRs by integrating analytics techniques with interactive visualizations. 
  • 842
  • 04 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Eugene Garfield’s Ideas and Legacy
Eugene Garfield introduced information systems that made the discovery of scientific information much more efficient. The founded by him Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) developed innovative information products and provided current scientific information to researchers all over the world. Garfield introduced the citation as a qualitative measure of academic impact and propelled the concepts of “citation indexing” and “citation linking”, paving the way for today’s search engines. He created the Science Citation Index (SCI), which provided a new way of retrieving, organizing, disseminating, and using scientific information; triggered the development of new disciplines (scientometrics, infometrics, webometrics); and became the foundation for building important new information products. The Journal Impact Factor, initially established to select journals for the SCI, became the most widely accepted tool for measuring academic impact. Garfield actively promoted English as the international language of science and became a powerful force in the globalization of research. His ideas revolutionized science and dramatically influenced the culture of research. This Encyclopedia entry is based on the following article:  Baykoucheva, S. Eugene Garfield’s Ideas and Legacy and Their Impact on the Culture of Research. Publications 2019, 7, 43.    
  • 1.6K
  • 29 Oct 2020
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