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Topic Review
Erythromelalgia
Erythromelalgia is a condition characterized by episodes of pain, redness, and swelling in various parts of the body, particularly the hands and feet. These episodes are usually triggered by increased body temperature, which may be caused by exercise or entering a warm room. Ingesting alcohol or spicy foods may also trigger an episode. Wearing warm socks, tight shoes, or gloves can cause a pain episode so debilitating that it can impede everyday activities such as wearing shoes and walking. Pain episodes can prevent an affected person from going to school or work regularly.
  • 873
  • 25 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Genotype-Phenotype Correlations
Coffin-Siris syndrome (CSS, MIM 135900) is a multi-system intellectual disability syndrome characterized by classic dysmorphic features, developmental delays, and organ system anomalies. Genes in the BRG1(BRM)-associated factors (BAF, Brahma associated factor) complex have been shown to be causative, including ARID1A, ARID1B, ARID2, DPF2, SMARCA4, SMARCB1, SMARCC2, SMARCE1, SOX11, and SOX4.
  • 873
  • 19 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Mitochondrial Microproteins in Athletic Performance and Age-Related Diseases
Mitochondrial microproteins (also called mitochondrial-derived peptides) are novel small proteins encoded in the mitochondrial DNA and modulate athletic performance and age-related diseases.
  • 873
  • 03 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Spina Bifida
Spina bifida is a condition in which the neural tube, a layer of cells that ultimately develops into the brain and spinal cord, fails to close completely during the first few weeks of embryonic development.
  • 872
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Gilbert Syndrome
Gilbert syndrome is a relatively mild condition characterized by periods of elevated levels of a toxic substance called bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia).
  • 872
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Congenital Afibrinogenemia
Congenital afibrinogenemia is a bleeding disorder caused by impairment of the blood clotting process.
  • 872
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
X-linked Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia Tarda
X-linked spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda is a condition that impairs bone growth and occurs almost exclusively in males.
  • 872
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
CPT1A Gene
carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A
  • 872
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
PDHB Gene
pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 beta subunit
  • 872
  • 25 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Globozoospermia
Globozoospermia is a condition that affects only males. It is characterized by abnormal sperm and leads to an inability to father biological children (infertility).
  • 871
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Ollier Disease
Ollier disease is a disorder characterized by multiple enchondromas, which are noncancerous (benign) growths of cartilage that develop within the bones. These growths most commonly occur in the limb bones, especially in the bones of the hands and feet; however, they may also occur in the skull, ribs, and bones of the spine (vertebrae). Enchondromas may result in severe bone deformities, shortening of the limbs, and fractures.
  • 871
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is characterized by the development of noncancerous growths called hamartomatous polyps in the gastrointestinal tract (particularly the stomach and intestines) and a greatly increased risk of developing certain types of cancer.
  • 871
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Schinzel-Giedion Syndrome
Schinzel-Giedion syndrome is a severe condition that is apparent at birth and affects many body systems.
  • 871
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
ClC-1 Chloride Channel Structure and Myotonia-Causing Mutations Update
Myotonia congenita is a hereditary muscle disease mainly characterized by muscle hyperexcitability, which leads to a sustained burst of discharges that correlates with the magnitude and duration of involuntary aftercontractions, muscle stiffness, and hypertrophy. Mutations in the chloride voltage-gated channel 1 (CLCN1) gene that encodes the skeletal muscle chloride channel (ClC-1) are responsible for this disease, which is commonly known as myotonic chloride channelopathy. The structure of the channel has been updated and the biophysical properties of the mutated channel have been explored and analyzed, providing important clues to the general function/dysfunction of the wild-type and mutated channels.
  • 871
  • 02 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Surfactant Dysfunction
Surfactant dysfunction is a lung disorder that causes breathing problems.
  • 870
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Refsum Disease
Refsum disease is an inherited condition that causes vision loss, absence of the sense of smell (anosmia), and a variety of other signs and symptoms.
  • 870
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
BMPR2 Gene
bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2
  • 870
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Beta-Ureidopropionase Deficiency
Beta-ureidopropionase deficiency is a disorder that causes excessive amounts of molecules called N-carbamyl-beta-aminoisobutyric acid and N-carbamyl-beta-alanine to be released in the urine. Neurological problems ranging from mild to severe also occur in some affected individuals.
  • 870
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
FOLR1 Gene
Folate receptor 1
  • 870
  • 25 Dec 2020
Topic Review
TG Gene
Thyroglobulin: The TG gene provides instructions for making a protein called thyroglobulin, one of the largest proteins in the body. 
  • 870
  • 25 Dec 2020
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