You're using an outdated browser. Please upgrade to a modern browser for the best experience.
Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort by:
Most Viewed Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Filter:
All Topic Review Biography Peer Reviewed Entry Video Entry
Topic Review
Nutritional Interventions in at the Office
Workplace nutrition interventions have garnered attention as a pivotal component of employee well-being and organisational productivity. The narrative synthesis has demonstrated that behavioural and mixed (cognitive-behavioural) interventions are more effective rather than solely cognitive ones. Apart from the employees, employers also should be engaged into designing interventions as well. 
  • 417
  • 29 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Non-Inflammatory Immune Competence in Acute Pediatric Malnutrition
The tolerance model rests on the thesis of a physiologically regulated, albeit unsustainable, systemic attempt to adapt to the catabolic challenge posed by acute prepubescent malnutrition even in its severe forms. The model centers on the immunological component of the attempt, positing reorientation toward a non-inflammatory form of competence in place of the classic paradigm of immunological attrition and exhaustion. The foundation of the model was laid in 1990, and sixteen years later it was articulated formally on the basis of a body of evidence centered on T cell cytokines and interventions with cytokine and hormonal mediators. The benefit originally suggested was a reduced risk of autoimmune pathologies consequent to the catabolic release of self-antigens, hence the designation highlighting immune tolerance. Herein, the emergence of the tolerance model is traced from its roots in the recognition that acute malnutrition elicits an endocrine-based systemic adaptive attempt. 
  • 371
  • 06 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Selected Conventional and Alternative Sweeteners on Gastrointestinal Hormones
Sugar consumption is known to be associated with a whole range of adverse health effects, including overweight status and type II diabetes mellitus. Alternative sweeteners have gained interest as substitutes for conventional sweeteners, such as sucrose, glucose, or fructose, to achieve a reduction in sugar intake without loss of the sweet taste. Several human studies have shed light on the differential effects of conventional sweeteners (glucose, fructose, and sucrose) and alternative sweeteners on metabolic parameters such as gastrointestinal (GI) hormone secretion, gastric emptying rates, energy intake, glycemic control, blood lipids, and uric acid. 
  • 368
  • 12 Mar 2024
Topic Review
High Alcohol Consumption Is Associated with Accelerated Ageing
Excessive alcohol intake is a known risk factor for chronic diseases and may also accelerate the biological ageing process. The study investigated whether high alcohol consumption is associated with accelerated epigenetic ageing, two cohorts of healthy adults aged 30–60 were compared: a high alcohol group (n = 66, mean 43 years, >38 units/week) and a low alcohol group (n = 109, mean 45 years, <6 units/week). DNA methylation from saliva was assessed using the Illumina MethylationEPIC 850k array, and biological age was estimated with a recently validated saliva-based 10-CpG epigenetic clock. Epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) was defined as the difference between DNA methylation-predicted age and chronological age. The high alcohol group showed a substantially higher DNA methylation age (mean 51 years) than their chronological age (43 years), indicating an average +8.0 years of epigenetic age acceleration. In contrast, the low alcohol group’s biological age matched their chronological age (45 vs 45 years, ~0 years EAA). A two-sample t-test confirmed that EAA was significantly greater in the high alcohol group (p ≈ 0.02). In regression models adjusting for age and sex, high alcohol intake remained an independent predictor of higher biological age. The findings suggest that chronic heavy alcohol consumption is associated with accelerated biological ageing as measured by saliva DNA methylation. This adds to growing evidence that lifestyle factors can influence epigenetic ageing rates. Public health implications include heightened awareness that excessive drinking may prematurely age individuals, potentially elevating their risk for age-related diseases. Reducing alcohol intake might slow or reverse this epigenetic age acceleration, highlighting a modifiable target for improving long-term health.
  • 328
  • 30 Jun 2025
Topic Review
Coffee Consumption is Associated with TLE1 Hypomethylation
Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages globally, and its intake has been linked to various health benefits. This study investigates the epigenetic effects of habitual coffee consumption by examining genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in salivary DNA from 3,822 individuals—1,474 heavy coffee drinkers (≥5 cups/day for ≥3 years) and 2,348 long-term abstainers. Using the Illumina 850K array, 22 autosomal CpG sites showed significant differential methylation (p ≤ 7.89×10⁻¹⁰) between the groups. Notably, three hypomethylated sites were identified within the TLE1 gene, a transcriptional corepressor involved in inflammatory, metabolic, and developmental pathways. The consistent hypomethylation across these sites suggests TLE1 as a potential epigenetic target of coffee intake, possibly mediating its anti-inflammatory and metabolic effects. These findings highlight a robust salivary DNA methylation signature associated with coffee consumption and suggest TLE1 methylation as a potential biomarker for long-term exposure. Further studies are warranted to validate functional outcomes and tissue-specific relevance.
  • 327
  • 04 Jun 2025
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
The Application of NMR-Based Metabolomics in the Field of Nutritional Studies
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics has emerged as a powerful analytical technique in nutritional science, enabling comprehensive profiling of metabolites in biological samples. This entry explores the integration of NMR metabolomics in nutrition research, highlighting its principles, methodological considerations, and applications in dietary assessment, nutritional interventions, and biomarker discovery. The entry also addresses the advantages and limitations of NMR compared to other metabolomic techniques and discusses its future potential in personalized nutrition and health monitoring.
  • 61
  • 31 Oct 2025
  • Page
  • of
  • 40
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Engineering
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Academic Video Service
Feedback