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Topic Review
The NRF2 Pathway Regulates Cellular Responses to Stress
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (NRF2) belongs to the cap “n” collar (CNC) family of transcription factors and is found in the cytoplasm of non-stressed cells in a combined form with KEAP1. Oxidative stress activates the transcription factor NRF2, which plays a key role in alleviating redox-induced cellular injury.
  • 406
  • 05 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Nanomedicine as Targeted Therapy against Bacterial Infections
The emergence of drug resistance combined with limited success in the discovery of newer and effective antimicrobial chemotherapeutics poses a significant challenge to human and animal health. Nanoparticles may be an approach for effective drug development and delivery against infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria. 
  • 390
  • 17 Feb 2024
Topic Review
The Gordian Knot of C. auris
Since its first description in 2009, Candida auris has, so far, resulted in large hospital outbreaks worldwide and is considered an emerging global public health threat. Exceptionally for yeast, it is gifted with a profoundly worrying invasive potential and high inter-patient transmissibility. At the same time, it is capable of colonizing and persisting in both patients and hospital settings for prolonged periods of time, thus creating a vicious cycle of acquisition, spreading, and infection. It exhibits various virulence qualities and thermotolerance, osmotolerance, filamentation, biofilm formation and hydrolytic enzyme production, which are mainly implicated in its pathogenesis. Owing to its unfavorable profile of resistance to diverse antifungal agents and the lack of effective treatment options, the implementation of robust infection prevention and control (IPC) practices is crucial for controlling and minimizing intra-hospital transmission of C. auris. Rapid and accurate microbiological identification, adherence to hand hygiene, use of adequate personal protective equipment (PPE), proper handling of catheters and implantable devices, contact isolation, periodical environmental decontamination, targeted screening, implementation of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs and communication between healthcare facilities about residents’ C. auris colonization status are recognized as coherent strategies for preventing its spread.
  • 377
  • 08 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Multi-System Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C)
Critical illness due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is rare in children, especially in those who were previously healthy. However, two post-infectious sequelae emerged during the pandemic that had significant impact on the morbidity associated with pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infections: Multi-System Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) and Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (PASC or Long COVID). These two clinical entities are both temporally related to acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, yet they have drastically different natural histories and management strategies. 
  • 368
  • 04 Mar 2024
Topic Review
MMR Vaccine
The MMR vaccine is a trivalent vaccine that provides immunity against three viral diseases: measles, mumps, and rubella. It is a live attenuated vaccine, meaning it contains weakened forms of the viruses that stimulate an immune response without causing illness. The vaccine is typically administered in two doses during childhood and is highly effective in preventing these diseases.
  • 366
  • 27 Mar 2025
Topic Review
Risks of Long-Term Xanax Use
Long-term use of Xanax, a medication often prescribed for anxiety and panic disorders, can lead to several health concerns. While it can help in the short term, using it for a long time may cause dependence, meaning your body gets used to it, and you need more to feel the same effect. This can make it hard to stop taking the drug. There are also risks of side effects like memory problems, mood changes, and even physical health issues.
  • 315
  • 31 Oct 2024
Topic Review
Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common enveloped, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the genus Orthopneumovirus within the family Pneumoviridae. It is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections worldwide, particularly among infants, young children, older adults, and immunocompromised populations.
  • 79
  • 24 Sep 2025
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