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Topic Review
Synthetic mRNAs
The structure of synthetic mRNAs as used in vaccination against cancer and infectious diseases contain specifically designed caps followed by sequences of the 5′ untranslated repeats of β-globin gene. The strategy for successful design of synthetic mRNAs by chemically modifying their caps aims to increase resistance to the enzymatic deccapping complex, offer a higher affinity for binding to the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (elF4E) protein and enforce increased translation of their encoded proteins. However, the cellular homeostasis is finely balanced and obeys to specific laws of thermodynamics conferring balance between complexity and growth rate in evolution. An overwhelming and forced translation even under alarming conditions of the cell during a concurrent viral infection, or when molecular pathways are trying to circumvent precursor events that lead to autoimmunity and cancer, may cause the recipient cells to ignore their differential sensitivities which are essential for keeping normal conditions. The elF4E which is a powerful RNA regulon and a potent oncogene governing cell cycle progression and proliferation at a post-transcriptional level, may then be a great contributor to disease development. This Fact Sheet underscores the basic elements from within the official text of publication to highlight the hallmarks of disease progression due to synthetic mRNAs stability structures (analogue caps, 5’ untranlslated repeats of β-globin gene and poly A tails) fundamentally used in design of all synthetic mRNAs to promote the efficiency of translation of their encoded sequences by the human cell and therefore the organism. Specific bullet points in bold mean for urgency of further toxicity evaluation studies that need to be overtaken in order to ensure for safety of mRNAs in vaccines at current stages of development.
  • 796
  • 01 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Effect of Physical Activity/Smoking/Sleep on Telomere Length
Aging is a risk factor for several pathologies, restricting one’s health span, and promoting chronic diseases (e.g., cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases), as well as cancer. Telomeres are regions of repetitive DNA located at chromosomal ends. Telomere length has been inversely associated with chronological age and has been considered, for a long time, a good biomarker of aging. Several lifestyle factors have been linked with telomere shortening or maintenance. 
  • 796
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Plasma Renin Concentration in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients
Plasma renin concentration as a marker of organ perfusion in several intensive care settings have shown a significant correlation between its increase and a lack of perfusion in critical tissues, especially in septic patients.
  • 795
  • 04 Nov 2021
Topic Review
High-Intensity Functional Training in Elderly with Cognitive Impairment
High Intensity Functional Training (HIFT) is a new exercise modality that emphasizes multi-joint functional movements adaptable to any fitness level and promotes greater muscle recruitment.
  • 795
  • 16 May 2022
Topic Review
Myocarditis in Athletes Recovering from COVID-19
To assess the event rates of myocarditis detected by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) in athletes who recovered from COVID-19. The prevalence of COVID-19-related myocarditis in the athletic population ranges from 1 to 4%. Even if the event rate is quite low, current screening protocols are helpful tools for a safe return to play to properly address CMR studies. 
  • 795
  • 22 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Adult Inpatients’ Perceptions of Their Fall Risk
Patient falls continue to be a high priority for healthcare organisations due to the detrimental physical, psychological, social and financial consequences that can occur.  A large number of falls in hospitals are unwitnessed and mostly occur due to patient behaviours and not seeking assistance. Understanding these patient behaviours may help to direct fall prevention strategies, with evidence suggesting the need to integrate patients’ perspectives into fall management. The qualitative and quantitative findings are organised into five domains: Fall Risk Perception Measures, Patients’ Perceptions of Fall Risk, Patients’ Perceptions of Falling in Hospital, Patients’ Fear of Falling and Barriers to Fall Prevention in Hospital. 
  • 793
  • 09 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Marketing of Healthcare Systems
By using market orientation, the managers of healthcare systems could stimulate the innovation, the efficiency of funds allocation and the quality of medical services. The results will lead to a better quality of population life and to an increasing of life expectancy. 
  • 790
  • 16 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Auditory Processing in Musicians
Μusicians are reported to have enhanced auditory processing. Auditory processing elements evaluated were speech recognition in babble, rhythmic advantage in speech recognition, short-term working memory, temporal resolution, and frequency discrimination threshold detection.
  • 789
  • 21 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Chorioamnionitis, Inflammation and Neonatal Apnea
Preterm birth is considered when childbirth occurs <37 weeks of gestation and represents an important risk factor for neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide, with an average of 15 million preterm births annually and 1.1 millions infants who die from various complications.
  • 788
  • 19 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Manual Hysteroscopic Tissue Removal Device for Intrauterine Polyps
Endometrial polyps are isolated or multiple focal intrauterine lesions that may manifest as abnormal uterine bleeding and/or infertility. Electromechanical hysteroscopic tissue removal (mHTR) devices have become the mainstay for removing endometrial polyps, however, given startup and procedural costs for these units, lower-cost disposable manual mHTR systems have been developed. The entry describes the collective experience and effectiveness of a disposable manual mHTR device in both operating room and office settings.
  • 788
  • 22 Apr 2024
Topic Review
The Mediterranean Diet
A cornerstone of any healthy lifestyle program is the inclusion of a balanced diet that can prevent various diseases, including cardiovascular conditions. The Mediterranean diet (MD) has become one of the most studied and widely reported diets and has received a lot of attention. The MD is a dietary plan based on Crete’s traditional eating habits. 
  • 786
  • 25 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Fathers in the Care of Children with Disabilities
The sharing of caregiving tasks impacts significantly on parents’ lives, it also takes away time and opportunities, and sometimes health and quality of life.
  • 785
  • 05 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Knowledge Extraction for Health Management from Online Communities
Knowledge extraction from rich text in online health communities can supplement and improve the existing knowledge base, supporting evidence-based medicine and clinical decision making. The extracted time series health management data of users can help users with similar conditions when managing their health.
  • 785
  • 23 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Partner and Perinatal Mental Health
Pregnancy is a transitional period involving the most complex experiences in a woman’s life, during which the woman’s psychological status can be affected by a wide range of psychosocial variables. However, positive interpersonal relationships appear to constitute a supportive network that significantly influences perinatal mental health. Therefore, the presence of a supportive partner works psycho-protectively against the difficulties and pressures created by the transition to maternity. Most studies have shown a correlation between the support from the partner and prenatal depression and anxiety. Support from the spouse during childbirth is related to the extent to which women feel safe during labor as well as the stress during childbirth. The role of the partner is very important in the occurrence of perinatal mental disorders in women.
  • 784
  • 13 Dec 2021
Topic Review
COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake among Healthcare Workers
The vaccine-induced immunity of healthcare workers (HCWs) is crucial to controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. The overall prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine uptake was 83.6% and 77.4% for physicians and nurses, respectively. Older age, white race, physicians’ profession, seasonal influenza vaccine, direct COVID-19 patient care, and confidence in COVID-19 vaccine safety and effectiveness were positive predictors of vaccine uptake, while history of SARS-CoV-2 infection was a negative predictor. Deep understanding of the factors that influence HCWs’ decisions to receive a COVID-19 vaccine is critical to implementing tailored communication strategies for HCWs who are at risk for not getting vaccinated. 
  • 784
  • 08 Oct 2022
Topic Review
NETosis in Disease Condition
Ischemic thrombotic disease, characterized by the formation of obstructive blood clots within arteries or veins, is a condition associated with life-threatening events, such as stroke, myocardial infarction, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. The conventional therapeutic strategy relies on treatments with anticoagulants that unfortunately pose an inherent risk of bleeding complications. These anticoagulants primarily target clotting factors, often overlooking upstream events, including the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Neutrophils are integral components of the innate immune system, traditionally known for their role in combating pathogens through NET formation. Emerging evidence has now revealed that NETs contribute to a prothrombotic milieu by promoting platelet activation, increasing thrombin generation, and providing a scaffold for clot formation.
  • 784
  • 07 Dec 2023
Topic Review
E-Health Literacy Research Focuses and Trends
With the rapid development of Internet technology, an increasing number of people are using networks to communicate and search for information in their lives and work. Because of the abundance of health information resources available on the Internet and the ease with which it can be accessed, people are gradually shifting away from traditional health information sources (such as newspapers, periodicals, and doctors’ offices) and toward the Internet.
  • 783
  • 17 Jan 2022
Topic Review
VISTA, PDL-L1, and BRAF—Markers in Prognosis of Melanoma
Melanoma is currently known as one of the most aggressive malignant tumors. T cell Activation (VISTA) is a novel target that is considered to be highly important in determining the invasive potential and treatment response of a melanoma. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a marker with whose importance has been revealed in multiple types of malignancies.
  • 782
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Predictors of Major Depressive Disorder in Older People
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common mental disorders in older people. There are several biological, psychological, and social factors associated with this disorder.
  • 780
  • 01 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in India
Although diabetes mellitus during pregnancy (DIP) causes hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HIP), it is gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) that remains the major cause of HIP. DIP, either antedating or detected during pregnancy, is the more hazardous form of HIP, producing severe hyperglycemia early in pregnancy, which persists postpartum; on the other hand, GDM causes mild hyperglycemia late in pregnancy, which usually disappears after delivery. As normal pregnancy advances, it causes insulin resistance. 
  • 780
  • 10 Dec 2021
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