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Biography
Harry Humphries
Harry R. Humphries (born November 17, 1940) is a former United States Navy SEAL who currently works as a consultant and actor on Hollywood films. After graduating from Admiral Farragut Academy and attending Rutgers University in New Jersey, Humphries joined the Navy, where he was assigned to UDT 22 and SEAL Team 2. In 1971, Humphries left the Navy with an Honorable Discharge. After a career with
  • 1.4K
  • 18 Nov 2022
Biography
Christopher Chenery
Christopher Tompkins Chenery (September 19, 1886 – January 3, 1973) was an American engineer, businessman, and the owner/breeder of record for Thoroughbred horse racing's U.S. Triple Crown champion Secretariat. Chenery, the son of Ida and James Chenery, was born in Richmond and raised in Ashland, Virginia.[1] He had three brothers, William Ludlow Chenery, who became editor of Collier's Wee
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  • 29 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Functionalised Graphene for Sensing Applications
The demand for gas detection is increasing nowadays. However, its fast detection at room temperature (RT) is a major challenge. Graphene is found to be the most promising sensing material for RT detection, owing to its high surface area and electrical conductivity. The high edge functionalized chemically synthesized graphene derivatives thin films are promising candidates to achieve a fast gas sensing response at room temperature. The high amount of edge functional groups is prominent for the sorption of analyte gas/vapor molecules. 
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  • 21 May 2021
Topic Review
NATO Research and Technology Organisation
Coordinates: 48°53′17″N 2°16′07″E / 48.88806°N 2.26861°E / 48.88806; 2.26861 The NATO Research and Technology Organisation (RTO) (French: Organisation pour la Recherche et la Technologie OTAN) was a former agency of NATO for scientific and technological research. It was established in 1998, and replaced in 2012 by the NATO Science and Technology Organisation (STO). RTO promoted and conducted co-operative scientific research and exchange of technical information among 26 NATO nations and 38 NATO partners. The largest such collaborative body in the world, the RTO encompasses over 3000 scientists and engineers addressing the complete scope of defence technologies and operational domains. This effort is supported by an executive agency, the Research and Technology Agency (RTA), that facilitates the collaboration by organising a wide range of studies, workshops, symposia, and other forums in which researchers can meet and exchange knowledge.
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  • 24 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Liver Support Systems
Liver support systems are therapeutic devices to assist in performing the functions of the liver in persons with liver damage. The primary functions of the liver include removing toxic substances from the blood, manufacturing blood proteins, storing energy in the form of glycogen, and secreting bile. The hepatocytes that perform these tasks can be killed or impaired by disease, resulting in hepatic insufficiency. A sudden onset of life-threatening hepatic insufficiency is known as acute liver failure (ALF). In hyperacute and acute liver failure the clinical picture develops rapidly with progressive encephalopathy and multiorgan dysfunction such as hyperdynamic circulation, coagulopathy, acute kidney injury and respiratory insufficiency, severe metabolic alterations and cerebral edema that can lead to brain death. In these cases the mortality without liver transplantation (LTx) ranges between 40-80%. LTx is the only effective treatment for these patients although it requires a precise indication and timing to achieve good results. Nevertheless, due to the scarcity of organs to carry out liver transplantations, it is estimated that one third of patients with ALF die while waiting to be transplanted. On the other hand, a patient with a chronic hepatic disease can suffer an acute decompensation of liver function following a precipitating event such as variceal bleeding, sepsis and excessive alcohol intake among others that can lead to a condition referred to as acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). Both types of hepatic insufficiency, ALF and ACLF, can potentially be reversible and liver functionality can return to a level similar to that prior to the insult or precipitating event. LTx is the only treatment that has shown an improvement in the prognosis and survival with most severe cases of ALF. Nevertheless, cost and donor scarcity have prompted researchers to look for new supportive treatments that can act as “bridge” to the transplant procedure. By stabilizing the patient's clinical state, or by creating the right conditions that could allow the recovery of native liver functions, both detoxification and synthesis can improve, after an episode of ALF or ACLF. Basically, three different types of supportive therapies have been developed: bio-artificial, artificial and hybrid liver support systems (Table 2). Bio-artificial liver support systems are experimental extracorporeal devices that use living cell lines to provide detoxification and synthesis support to the failing liver. Bio-artificial liver (BAL) Hepatassist 2000 uses porcine hepatocytes11 whereas ELAD system employs hepatocytes derived from human hepatoblastoma C3A cell lines.9, Both techniques can produce, in fulminant hepatic failure (FHF), an improvement of hepatic encephalopathy grade and biochemical parameters. Nevertheless, they are therapies with high complexity that require a complex logistic approach for implementation; a very high cost and possible inducement of important side effects such as immunological issues (porcine endogenous retrovirus transmission), infectious complications and tumor transmigration have been documented. Other biological hepatic systems are Bioartificial Liver Support (BLSS)12 and Radial Flow Bioreactor (RFB).15 Detoxification capacity of these systems is poor and therefore they must be used combined with other systems to mitigate this deficiency. Today its use is limited to centers with high experience in their application. Artificial liver support systems are aimed to temporally replace native liver detoxification functions and they use albumin as scavenger molecule to clear the toxins involved in the physiopathology of the failing liver. Most of the toxins that accumulate in the plasma of patients with liver insufficiency are protein bound, and therefore conventional renal dialysis techniques, such as hemofiltration, hemodialysis or hemodiafiltration are not able to adequately eliminate them. Between the different albumin dialysis modalities, single pass albumin dialysis (SPAD) has shown some positive results at a very high cost; it has been proposed that lowering the concentration of albumin in the dialysate does not seem to affect the detoxification capability of the procedure. Nevertheless, the most widely used systems today are based on hemodialysis and adsorption. These systems use conventional dialysis methods with an albumin containing dialysate that is later regenerated by means of adsorption columns, filled with activated charcoal and ion exchange resins. At present, there are two artificial extracorporeal liver support systems: the Molecular Adsorbents Recirculating System (MARS)10 from Gambro and Fractionated Plasma Separation and Adsorption (FPSA), commercialised as Prometheus (PROM) from Fresenius Medical Care.13 Of the two therapies, MARS is the most frequently studied, and clinically used system to date.
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  • 29 Nov 2022
Biography
Edward Lasker
Edward Lasker (born Eduard Lasker) (December 3, 1885 – March 25, 1981) was a German-American chess and Go player. He was awarded the title of International Master of chess by FIDE. Lasker was an engineer by profession, and an author of books on Go, chess and checkers. Born in Germany, he emigrated to the United States in 1914. He was distantly related to Chess World Champion Emanuel Lasker wit
  • 1.4K
  • 13 Dec 2022
Biography
Jackie Moreland
Jack Wade Moreland, known as Jackie Moreland (March 11, 1938 – December 19, 1971), was an American basketball player for the Detroit Pistons and the former New Orleans Buccaneers. Moreland was one of seven children of James Burgess "Jimmy" Moreland (1891-1974), originally from Arcadia in Bienville Parish in northwestern Louisiana, and the former Lucille Wade (1902-1994), a native of neighbo
  • 1.3K
  • 09 Dec 2022
Biography
David Welch (Optical Engineer)
David F. Welch, Ph.D, (born October 26, 1960) is an American businessman[1] and research scientist. Welch is a pioneer in the field of optical devices and optical transport systems for telecommunications networks. Welch first made it possible to commercially deploy reliable 980 nm laser pumps, needed in low noise optical amplifiers employed in dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) telec
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  • 13 Dec 2022
Topic Review
List of Gliders (B)
This is a list of gliders/sailplanes of the world, (this reference lists all gliders with references, where available) Note: Any aircraft can glide for a short time, but gliders are designed to glide for longer.
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  • 09 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Maritime Express
The Maritime Express was a Canada passenger train. When it was launched on the first of March, 1898, it was the flagship of the Intercolonial Railway (ICR) between Halifax, Nova Scotia and Montreal , Quebec. The train was operated by the Canadian National Railway (CNR) from 1919 until 1964, when it was reduced to a regional service and its name retired.
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  • 18 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Gas Dynamic Cold Spray
TIF Cold Spray (CS) (formerly gas dynamic cold spray) is a coating deposition method. Solid powders (1 to 50 micrometers in diameter) are accelerated in a supersonic gas jet to velocities up to 500–1000 m/s. During impact with the substrate, particles undergo plastic deformation and adhere to the surface. To achieve a uniform thickness the spraying nozzle is scanned along the substrate. Metals, polymers, ceramics, composite materials and nanocrystalline powders can be deposited using cold spraying. The kinetic energy of the particles, supplied by the expansion of the gas, is converted to plastic deformation energy during bonding. Unlike thermal spraying techniques, e.g., plasma spraying, arc spraying, flame spraying, or high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF), the powders are not melted during the spraying process.
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  • 28 Nov 2022
Biography
Yoav Sarig
Yoav Sarig (born July 27, 1937)[1] is an Israeli scientist, inventor and agricultural engineer. He is an expert in the field of mechanical harvesting of fruit, and is the holder of several patents for mechanical apparatus for the harvesting and processing of jojoba beans, pecan nuts and pomegranates. Sarig was born in Tel-Aviv.[2] He received his Bachelor of Science degree from the Technion
  • 1.3K
  • 12 Dec 2022
Biography
Arthur Kantrowitz
Arthur Robert Kantrowitz (October 20, 1913 – November 29, 2008) was an United States scientist, engineer, and educator. Kantrowitz grew up in The Bronx, and graduated from DeWitt Clinton High School.[1] He earned his B.S., M.A. and, in 1947, his Ph.D. degrees in physics from Columbia University. Kantrowitz was born in New York City on October 28, 1913. His mother was a costume designer and
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  • 16 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Very-Large-Scale Integration
User:RMCD bot/subject notice Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) is the process of creating an integrated circuit (IC) by combining hundreds of thousands of transistors or devices into a single chip. VLSI began in the 1970s when complex semiconductor and communication technologies were being developed. The microprocessor is a VLSI device. Before the introduction of VLSI technology most ICs had a limited set of functions they could perform. An electronic circuit might consist of a CPU, ROM, RAM and other glue logic. VLSI lets IC designers add all of these into one chip.
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  • 26 Oct 2022
Biography
James O. Clephane
James Ogilvie Clephane (February 21, 1842[1] – November 30, 1910[2]) was an American inventor, bar-admitted court reporter and venture capitalist in Washington, D.C. and New York City . He was involved in improving, promoting and supporting several inventions during the Gilded Age, including the typewriter, the graphophone, and the linotype machine. He has been called the "father of the linoty
  • 1.3K
  • 16 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Supercapacitors
Supercapacitors are a category of energy-storage devices based on high-speed electrostatic or Faradaic electrochemical processes. The charge is mainly stored at the electrode−electrolyte interface of the active materials, such as high surface porous carbons, metal oxides, or conducting polymers. They consist of one positive electrode and one negative electrode soaked in an electrolyte and separated by an ion-permeable, electronically insulating separator.Compared with batteries, supercapacitors can supply much faster charge and discharge rates within seconds or minutes time scales but lower specific energy. Besides the high power densities, supercapacitors also have some other advantages over batteries, such as high operating safety, long cycling life, high efficiency, and high performance stability.
  • 1.3K
  • 19 Feb 2021
Topic Review
List of AMD Athlon 64 Microprocessors
The Athlon 64 microprocessor from Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) is an eighth-generation central processing unit (CPU). Athlon 64 is targeted at the consumer market.
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  • 31 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Time-resolved Spectroscopy
In physics and physical chemistry, time-resolved spectroscopy is the study of dynamic processes in materials or chemical compounds by means of spectroscopic techniques. Most often, processes are studied after the illumination of a material occurs, but in principle, the technique can be applied to any process that leads to a change in properties of a material. With the help of pulsed lasers, it is possible to study processes that occur on time scales as short as 10−16 seconds.
  • 1.3K
  • 01 Nov 2022
Biography
Harold L. Martin
Harold L. Martin Sr. Ph.D. (born October 22, 1951) is an United States engineer, educator and former, and current Chancellor of Winston-Salem State and North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University respectively. He is the first alumnus in the history of North Carolina A&T to hold the position of Chancellor.[1] Martin, a native of Winston-Salem, North Carolina, received both his b
  • 1.3K
  • 28 Nov 2022
Topic Review
New Pedestrianism
New Pedestrianism (NP) is a more pedestrian and ecology-oriented variation of New Urbanism in urban planning theory, founded in 1999 by Michael E. Arth, an American artist, urban/home/landscape designer, futurist, and author. NP addresses the problems associated with New Urbanism and is an attempt to solve various social, health, energy, economic, aesthetic, and environmental problems, with special focus on reducing the role of the automobile.A neighborhood or new town utilizing NP is called a Pedestrian Village. Pedestrian Villages can range from being nearly car-free to having automobile access behind nearly every house and business, but pedestrian lanes are always in front. To a large extent New Urbanism is a revival of traditional street patterns and urban design. New Pedestrianism also respects traditional town design, but seeks to further reduce the negative impact of the automobile, the use of which has increased dramatically since WWII. By eliminating the front street and replacing it with a tree-lined pedestrian lane, emphasis is placed on low-impact alternative travel such as walking and cycling. Pedestrian lanes are usually 12 to 15 feet (5 m) wide, with one smooth side for rolling conveyances such as bicycles, Segways, and skates and the other, narrower, textured side for pedestrians and wheelchairs. Eliminating the automobile street from the front allows for intimate scale plazas, fountains, pocket parks, as well as an unspoiled connection to natural features such as lakes, streams, and forests that may border or be included in a Pedestrian Village. A vast public realm is created that is free from the sight, smell, and sound of automobiles, yet automobiles are still served on a separate network. New Pedestrianism has been proposed for Kisima Kaya, a new town in Kenya, for Tiger Bay Village, FL as a solution to the homeless problem, and for new towns and neighborhoods that can be built anywhere whether as rehabilitation of existing neighborhoods, infill, edge-of-town neighborhoods, or new towns.
  • 1.3K
  • 15 Nov 2022
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