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Biography
William R. Newman
William R. Newman (born March 13, 1955) is Distinguished Professor and Ruth N. Halls Professor in the Department of History and Philosophy of Science at Indiana University. Most of Newman’s work in the History of Science has been devoted to alchemy and "chymistry," the art-nature debate, and matter theories,[1] particularly atomism. Newman is also General Editor of the Chymistry of Isaac Newto
  • 1.6K
  • 29 Nov 2022
Biography
John Lighton Synge
John Lighton Synge FRSC FRS (/sɪŋ/; 23 March 1897 – 30 March 1995)[1] was an Irish mathematician and physicist, whose seven decade career included significant periods in Ireland, Canada, and the USA. He was a prolific author and influential mentor, and is credited with the introduction of a new geometrical approach to the theory of relativity.[1] Synge was born 1897 in Dublin, Ireland, in
  • 1.6K
  • 19 Dec 2022
Biography
Seth Andrews
Template:Infobox author Seth Andrews (born April 12, 1968) is an author and speaker on the subject of atheism. He is the creator and host of The Thinking Atheist online community, podcast, and YouTube channel, and the author of the self-published books Deconverted and Sacred Cows. Prior to his atheist activism, he was a fundamentalist Christian and had a ten-year career as a Christian radio host
  • 1.6K
  • 13 Dec 2022
Biography
Jeremy Bernstein
Jeremy Bernstein (born December 31, 1929, in Rochester, New York) is an American theoretical physicist and science essayist. Bernstein's parents, Philip S. Bernstein, a Reform rabbi, and Sophie Rubin Bernstein named him after the biblical Jeremiah, the subject of his father's masters thesis. Philip's parents were immigrants from Lithuania, while Sophie was of Russian-Jewish descent. The famil
  • 1.6K
  • 27 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Sex differences in umbilical cord
Biological differences between sexes should be considered in all stages of research, but there is still a lack of stratification by sex despite primary cultured cells retain memory of the sex and of the donor. The sex of donors in biological research must be known because variations in cells and cellular components can be used as end points, biomarkers and/or targets of pharmacological studies. This selective review focuses on the current findings regarding sex differences observed in the umbilical cord, a widely used source of research samples, both in the blood and in the circulating cells, as well as in the different cellular models obtainable from it. Moreover, an overview on sex differences in fetal programming is reported. As it emerges that the sex variable is still often forgotten in experimental models, we suggest that should be mandatory to adopt a sex oriented research, because only awareness of these issues can lead to innovative research.
  • 1.6K
  • 27 Jan 2021
Biography
Wolfgang Rindler
Wolfgang Rindler (18 May 1924 – 8 February 2019) was a physicist working in the field of General Relativity where he is known for introducing the term "event horizon", Rindler coordinates, and (in collaboration with Roger Penrose) for popularizing the use of spinors in general relativity. An honorary member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences and foreign member of the Accademia delle Scienze d
  • 1.6K
  • 15 Nov 2022
Biography
Hervé Ryssen
Hervé Ryssen (Real name :Hervé Lalin, Born: April 10, 1967) is a French writer, militant nationalist, holocaust denier and antisemite. He is close to the circles of extreme right. He considers himself racist, anti-jewish and anti-semite,[1] his publications and videos resulted in numerous complaints and court orders, which resulted in him being jailed for 17 month in September 2020.[2][3] R
  • 1.6K
  • 08 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a chronic disorder of the nervous system which is characterized by recurrent, unprovoked focal seizures that originate in the temporal lobe of the brain and last about one or two minutes. TLE is the most common form of epilepsy with focal seizures. A focal seizure in the temporal lobe may spread to other areas in the brain when it may become a focal to bilateral seizure. TLE is diagnosed by taking a medical history, blood tests, and brain imaging. It can have a number of causes such as head injury, stroke, brain infections, structural lesions in the brain, or brain tumors, or it can be of unknown onset. The first line of treatment is through anticonvulsants. Surgery may be an option, especially when there is an observable abnormality in the brain. Another treatment option is electrical stimulation of the brain through an implanted device called the vagus nerve stimulator (VNS).
  • 1.6K
  • 24 Oct 2022
Biography
Michael Tomasello
Michael Tomasello (born January 18, 1950) is an American developmental and comparative psychologist, as well as a linguist. He is professor of psychology at Duke University. Earning many prizes and awards from the end of the 1990s onward, he is considered one of today's most authoritative developmental and comparative psychologists. He is "one of the few scientists worldwide who is acknowledged
  • 1.6K
  • 15 Dec 2022
Biography
Jörg Dräger
Jörg Dräger (born 1 January 1968 in Darmstadt) is a German physicist, politician and manager.[1][2] From 2001 to 2008 he served as a senator in the Hamburg state government.[3] Since 2008 he has been a member of the Bertelsmann Stiftung Executive Board where he is responsible for the areas of education and integration.[4][5] He is considered a leading education expert[6][7] and is the author o
  • 1.6K
  • 30 Nov 2022
Biography
Gabriele Veneziano
Gabriele Veneziano (born 7 September 1942)[1] is an Italian theoretical physicist and one of the pioneers of string theory.[2][3] He has conducted most of his scientific activities at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland, and held the Chair of Elementary Particles, Gravitation and Cosmology at the Collège de France in Paris from 2004 to 2013.[2] Gabriele Veneziano was born in Florence. In 1965, he ea
  • 1.6K
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Host
In biology and medicine, a host is a larger organism that harbours a smaller organism; whether a parasitic, a mutualistic, or a commensalist guest (symbiont). The guest is typically provided with nourishment and shelter. Examples include animals playing host to parasitic worms (e.g. nematodes), cells harbouring pathogenic (disease-causing) viruses, a bean plant hosting mutualistic (helpful) nitrogen-fixing bacteria. More specifically in botany, a host plant supplies food resources to micropredators, which have an evolutionarily stable relationship with their hosts similar to ectoparasitism. The host range is the collection of hosts that an organism can use as a partner.
  • 1.6K
  • 08 Nov 2022
Topic Review
List of Amphibians of South Africa
This list of amphibians of South Africa contains species that form a part of the class Amphibia (phylum Chordata) fauna of South Africa. The list follows the South African National Bioinformatics Institute listing. Where common names are given, they are not the only common names in use for the species.
  • 1.6K
  • 03 Nov 2022
Biography
Noe Itō
Noe Itō (伊藤 野枝, Itō Noe, January 21, 1895 – September 16, 1923) was a Japanese anarchist, social critic, author and feminist. Itō was born on the island of Kyushu near Fukuoka, Japan on January 21, 1895.[1] At 14 she went to work for the post office; the next year she moved to Tokyo to enter the Ueno Girls' High School. In the summer of her fifth year at Ueno, Ito's uncle arrang
  • 1.6K
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Great Green Wall
The Great Green Wall or Great Green Wall of the Sahara and the Sahel (French: Grande Muraille Verte pour le Sahara et le Sahel) is Africa's flagship initiative to combat the increasing desertification. Led by the African Union, the initiative aims to transform the lives of millions of people by creating a mosaic of green and productive landscapes across North Africa. From the initial idea of a line of trees from east to west bordering the Saharan Desert, the vision of a Great Green Wall has evolved into that of a mosaic of interventions addressing the challenges facing the people in the Sahel and the Sahara. As a programming tool for rural development, the overall goal of this partnership is to strengthen regional resilience and natural systems with sound ecosystem management, protection of rural heritage, and improved living conditions. The project is a response to the combined effect of natural resources degradation and drought in rural areas. It is a partnership that supports communities working towards sustainable management and use of forests, rangelands and other natural resources. It seeks to help communities mitigate and adapt to climate change, as well as improve food security. It is expected that the population in the Sahel would double by 2039, adding urgency to the project.
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  • 14 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Diphyllobothriasis
Diphyllobothriasis is the infection caused by tapeworms of the genus Diphyllobothrium (commonly D. latum and D. nihonkaiense). Diphyllobothriasis mostly occurs in regions where raw fish is regularly consumed; those who consume raw fish are at risk of infection. The infection is often asymptomatic and usually presents only with mild symptoms, which may include gastrointestinal complaints, weight loss, and fatigue. Rarely, vitamin B12 deficiency (possibly leading to anaemia) and gastrointestinal obstructions may occur. Infection may be long-lasting in absence of treatment. Diphyllobothriasis is generally diagnosed by looking for eggs or tapeworm segments in passed stool. Treatment with antiparasitic medications is straightforward, effective, and safe.
  • 1.6K
  • 18 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Rhina (Genus)
The bowmouth guitarfish (Rhina ancylostoma), also called the shark ray or mud skate, is a species of ray and a member of the family Rhinidae. Its evolutionary affinities are not fully resolved, though it may be related to true guitarfishes and skates. This rare species occurs widely in the tropical coastal waters of the western Indo-Pacific, at depths of up to 90 m (300 ft). Highly distinctive in appearance, the bowmouth guitarfish has a wide and thick body with a rounded snout and large shark-like dorsal and tail fins. Its mouth forms a W-shaped undulating line, and there are multiple thorny ridges over its head and back. It has a dorsal color pattern of many white spots over a bluish gray to brown background, with a pair of prominent black markings over the pectoral fins. This large species can reach a length of 2.7 m (8.9 ft) and weight of 135 kg (298 lb). Usually found near the sea floor, the bowmouth guitarfish prefers sandy or muddy areas near underwater structures. It is a strong-swimming predator of bony fishes, crustaceans, and molluscs. This species gives live birth to litters of two to eleven pups, which are nourished during gestation by yolk. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has assessed the bowmouth guitarfish as Vulnerable because it is widely caught by artisanal and commercial fisheries for its valuable fins and meat. It is viewed as a nuisance by trawlers, however, because its bulk and thorny skin cause it to damage netted catches. Habitat degradation and destruction pose an additional, significant challenge to this ray's survival. The bowmouth guitarfish adapts well to captivity and is displayed in public aquariums.
  • 1.6K
  • 18 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Motor Imagery
Scholars have recently used “motor imagery” (MI) to refer to the imagination of moving particular body parts. Among the frameworks trying to explain the essence of motor imagery, there are two primary ones—motor simulation and motor emulation theory.
  • 1.6K
  • 27 Apr 2022
Biography
George C. Williams
George Christopher Williams (May 12, 1926 – September 8, 2010) was an United States evolutionary biologist.[1][2][3] Williams was a professor of biology at the State University of New York at Stony Brook who was best known for his vigorous critique of group selection. The work of Williams in this area, along with W. D. Hamilton, John Maynard Smith, Richard Dawkins, and others led to the devel
  • 1.6K
  • 28 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Regulation of Gastric Function
The nervous system, and endocrine system collaborate in the digestive system to control gastric secretions, and motility associated with the movement of food throughout the gastrointestinal tract, including peristalsis, and segmentation contractions. Gastric activity involved in digestion is divided into three stages known as the cephalic phase, the gastric phase, and the intestinal phase. These phases overlap and all three can occur simultaneously. A fourth phase of acid secretion is known as the basal state which occurs in the times between meals (interdigestive phase). The level of acid secretion during these times is regulated by body weight, individual, number of parietal cells, and time of day. Acid secretion is lowest in the morning before awakening and highest at night.
  • 1.6K
  • 26 Oct 2022
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