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Topic Review
Nonthermal Decontamination of Raw and Processed Meat
Meat may contain natural, spoilage, and pathogenic microorganisms based on the origin and characteristics of its dietary matrix. Several decontamination substances are used during or after meat processing, which include chlorine, organic acids, inorganic phosphates, benzoates, propionates, bacteriocins, or oxidizers. Unfortunately, traditional decontamination methods are often problematic because of their adverse impact on the quality of the raw carcass or processed meat. The extended shelf-life of foods is a response to the pandemic trend, whereby consumers are more likely to choose durable products that can be stored for a longer period between visits to food stores. This includes changing purchasing habits from “just in time” products “for now” to “just in case” products, a trend that will not fade away with the end of the pandemic.
  • 1.4K
  • 29 Jul 2022
Biography
Jack McAuliffe
John R. "Jack" McAuliffe (born 1945) is an American brewer best known as the founder of the New Albion Brewing Company in Sonoma, California. McAuliffe started the brewery, considered the first American microbrewery in the modern era, in 1976.[1][2] (As of 2013), he lives in Arkansas.[3] McAuliffe was born on May 11, 1945 Caracas, Venezuela. His father, John McAuliffe, intercepted and transla
  • 1.4K
  • 29 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Semantic Support of Cultural Heritage
The usage of semantics is not new in cultural heritage disciplines. They are commonly used to define standards for meta-, para-, and provenance information for documenting and archiving. Examples of such standards are LIDO and MIDAS Heritage. These XML schema standards are still used in cultural heritage. In recent years, however, the emergence of the Semantic Web has provided the much-required boost to semantic frameworks and technologies. It also dictates how semantics are defined and used today. Techniques and tools that formalize semantics through formalized knowledge representations have become the norm in different fields applying semantics.
  • 1.4K
  • 23 Jun 2021
Biography
Erik Buell
Erik F. Buell (born April 2, 1950, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is the founder, former Chairman and Chief Technical Officer of the Buell Motorcycle Company, which eventually merged with Harley-Davidson Corp. Buell is a pioneer of modern race motorcycle technology. Buell is also the founder of Erik Buell Racing.[1] Erik Buell is now a co founder of VANGUARDSPARK - Electric Urban Mobility (Vangua
  • 1.4K
  • 28 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Bücker Bü 131
The Bücker Bü 131 "Jungmann" (freshman, young man) was a German 1930s basic training aircraft which was used by the Luftwaffe during World War II.
  • 1.4K
  • 03 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Wastewater Treatment by Catalytic Wet Peroxidation
Nowadays, there is an increasing interest in the development of promising, efficient, and environmentally friendly wastewater treatment technologies. Among them are the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), in particular, catalytic wet peroxidation (CWPO), assisted or not by radiation. One of the challenges for the industrial application of this process is the development of stable and efficient catalysts, without leaching of the metal to the aqueous phase during the treatment. Gold catalysts, in particular, have attracted much attention from researchers because they show these characteristics. Recently, numerous studies have been reported in the literature regarding the preparation of gold catalysts supported on various supports and testing their catalytic performance in the treatment of real wastewaters or model pollutants by CWPO. This review summarizes this research; the properties of such catalysts and their expected effects on the overall efficiency of the CWPO process, together with a description of the effect of operational variables (such as pH, temperature, oxidant concentration, catalyst, and gold content). In addition, an overview is given of the main technical issues of this process aiming at its industrial application, namely the possibility of using the catalyst in continuous flow reactors. Such considerations will provide useful information for a faster and more effective analysis and optimization of the CWPO process.
  • 1.4K
  • 14 May 2020
Topic Review
Firearm (Tool)
A firearm is primarily a weapon, but can be used as a tool to project either single or multiple objects at high velocity through a controlled explosion. The firing is achieved by the gases produced through rapid, confined burning of a propellant. This process of rapid burning is technically known as deflagration. In older firearms, this propellant was typically black powder, but modern firearms use smokeless powder, cordite, or other propellants. Many firearms such as mortars do not have rifled bores to impart spin to the projectile for improved flight stability, such as is seen with firearms used as weapons, although some are rifled. The lack of rifling can prevent tangling of grappling hook lines, buoy lines, and such, although some firearms intended for use at the longest ranges in these applications are rifled.
  • 1.4K
  • 19 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Archery Games
These novelty forms of archery are generally regarded as amusements, and, as such, are not governed by organizationally-sanctioned rules.
  • 1.4K
  • 04 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Satellite Geolocation
Satellite geolocation is the process of locating the origin of a signal appearing on a satellite communication channel. Typically, this process is used to mitigate interference on communication satellites. Usually, these interference signals are caused by human error or equipment failure, but can also be caused by deliberate jamming. Identifying the geographical location of an interfering signal informs the mitigation activity.
  • 1.4K
  • 31 Oct 2022
Biography
William S. McArthur
William Surles McArthur, Jr. (born July 26, 1951) is a retired United States Army colonel and NASA astronaut and a veteran of three Space Shuttle missions and one expedition to the International Space Station via the Russian Soyuz capsule.[1] Born July 26, 1951, and raised in Red Springs, North Carolina, McArthur was active in the Boy Scouts of America where he achieved its second highest ran
  • 1.4K
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Epson HX-20
The Epson HX-20 (also known as the HC-20) was the first "true" laptop computer. It was invented in July 1980 by Yukio Yokozawa, who worked for Suwa Seikosha, a branch of Japanese company Seiko (now Seiko Epson), receiving a patent for the invention. It was announced in 1981 as the HC-20 in Japan, and was introduced by Epson in North America as the HX-20 at the 1981 COMDEX computer show in Las Vegas, where it drew significant attention for its portability. It had a mass-market release in July 1982, as the HC-20 in Japan and as the Epson HX-20 in North America. The size of an A4 notebook and weighing 1.6 kg, it was hailed by BusinessWeek magazine as the "fourth revolution in personal computing".
  • 1.4K
  • 25 Oct 2022
Biography
Henry Barnes
Henry A. Barnes (December 16, 1906 – September 1968)[1] was an American traffic engineer and commissioner who served in many cities, including Flint, Michigan; Denver, Colorado; Baltimore, Maryland; and New York City. Barnes was responsible for many innovations in applied traffic engineering, including the Green Wave of coordinated traffic signals, the application of actuated traffic signals (
  • 1.4K
  • 14 Nov 2022
Biography
John Cioffi
John Cioffi (born November 7, 1956) is an American electrical engineer, educator and prolific inventor who has made contributions in telecommunication system theory, specifically in coding theory and information theory. Best known as "the father of DSL,"[1] Cioffi's pioneering research was instrumental in making digital subscriber line (DSL) technology practical and has led to over 400 publicati
  • 1.4K
  • 02 Dec 2022
Biography
William H.C. Whiting
William Henry Chase Whiting (March 22, 1824 – March 10, 1865) was a United States Army officer who resigned after 16 years of service in the Army Corps of Engineers to serve in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. He was wounded at the Second Battle of Fort Fisher by a musket ball to his leg, and died in prison camp on March 10, 1865, of dysentery. William Whiting was
  • 1.4K
  • 23 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Ground Based Strategic Deterrent
The Ground Based Strategic Deterrent (GBSD) is a future American land-based intercontinental ballistic missile system (ICBM) currently in the early stages of development. It is slated to replace the aging Minuteman III missiles, currently stationed in North Dakota, Wyoming, Montana, Nebraska and Colorado, from 2029 through 2075. In 2020, under the Trump administration, the Department of the Air Force gave the defense contractor, Northrop Grumman, a $13.3 billion sole-source contract for development of the GBSD after Boeing withdrew its proposal. Northrop Grumman's subcontractors on the GBSD include Lockheed Martin, General Dynamics, Bechtel, Honeywell, Aerojet Rocketdyne, Parsons, Textron and others.
  • 1.4K
  • 28 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Microfluidics to Study Membrane Filtration
Membrane filtration processes are best known for their application in the water, oil, and gas sectors, but also in food production they play an eminent role. Filtration processes are known to suffer from a decrease in efficiency in time due to e.g., particle deposition, also known as fouling and pore blocking. Although these processes are not very well understood at a small scale, smart engineering approaches have been used to keep membrane processes running. Microfluidic devices have been increasingly applied to study membrane filtration processes and accommodate observation and understanding of the filtration process at different scales, from nanometer to millimeter and more. In combination with microscopes and high-speed imaging, microfluidic devices allow real time observation of filtration processes.
  • 1.4K
  • 24 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Integrated Treatment of Agro-industrial Waste
This document reports a synthetic description of a research work in which a new integrated treatment was defined for the production of biofuel and the recovery of phosphorus compounds from agro-industrial residues. As the first step of the proposed process, anaerobic co-digestion was carried out to produce biogas by exploiting raw waste mixtures. Afterwards, the residual digestates were converted to syngas using supercritical wet gasification (SCWG. Finally, the liquid phases from SCWG were treated to recover the phosphorus content as MgKPO4×6H2O crystals. This integrated treatment could be a suitable approach to exploit agro-wastes because it can produce biofuel and valuable chemicals and generates a residual effluent with a very low polluting load
  • 1.4K
  • 28 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Washing Damage in E-Textiles
E-textiles, hybrid products that incorporate electronic functionality into textiles, often need to withstand washing procedures to ensure textile typical usability. Yet, the washability—which is essential for many e-textile applications like medical or sports due to hygiene requirements—is often still insufficient. The influence factors for washing damage in textile integrated electronics as well as common weak points are not extensively researched, which makes a targeted approach to improve washability in e-textiles difficult. 
  • 1.4K
  • 25 May 2021
Topic Review
Co-CeO2 Catalyzed Water-Gas Shift Reaction
Co-CeO2 catalysts were synthesized by the different methods to derive the optimal synthetic method and to investigate the effect of the preparation method on the physicochemical characteristics of Co-CeO2 catalysts in the high-temperature water-gas shift (HTS) reaction. Co-CeO2 catalyst synthesized by a sol-gel method features the strong metal to support interaction and the largest amount of oxygen vacancies compared to other catalysts, which affects the catalytic activity. As a result, Co-CeO2 catalyst synthesized by the sol-gel method exhibited the highest WGS activity among the prepared catalysts, even in the severe conditions (high CO concentration: ~38% in dry basis and high gas hourly space velocity: 143,000 h−1).
  • 1.4K
  • 30 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Types of Fiber Optic Sensors
In the upcoming space revolutions aiming at the implementation of automated, smart, and self-aware crewless vehicles and reusable spacecraft, sensors play a significant role in the control systems. In particular, fiber optic sensors, with their small footprint and electromagnetic immunity, represent a great opportunity for aerospace applications. 
  • 1.4K
  • 09 Mar 2023
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