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Biography
Ash Carter
Ashton Baldwin Carter (born September 24, 1954) is an American politician, physicist and former Harvard University professor of Science and International Affairs who served as the 25th United States Secretary of Defense from February 2015 to January 2017. He was nominated by President Barack Obama in December 2014 and confirmed in February 2015 by the Senate to replace Chuck Hagel as Secretary o
  • 1.9K
  • 28 Nov 2022
Biography
Faheem Hussain
Faheem Hussain (31 July 1942 – 29 September 2009), was a Pakistani theoretical physicist and a professor of physics at the Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS). A research scientist in the field of superstring theory at the National Center for Physics,[1] Hussain made contributions to the fields of superstring and string theory. He was the first Pakistani physicist to publish a rese
  • 1.9K
  • 27 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Water Aeration
Water aeration is the process of increasing or maintaining the oxygen saturation of water in both natural and artificial environments. Aeration techniques are commonly used in pond, lake, and reservoir management to address low oxygen levels or algal blooms.
  • 1.9K
  • 21 Oct 2022
Biography
Jonathan Downes
Jonathan Downes (born 1959) is a naturalist, cryptozoologist, author, editor, film-maker, poet, novelist, activist, journalist, composer and singer-songwriter, with a background in radical politics and mental health care. He is Director of the Centre for Fortean Zoology. His father, the explorer and Colonial Service Officer J. T. Downes (1925–2006), wrote several books on a wide range of subje
  • 1.9K
  • 28 Nov 2022
Biography
Miguel Ángel Fernández Sanjuán
Miguel Angel Fernández Sanjuán (Miguel A. F. Sanjuán) is a Spanish Theoretical Physicist from Leon, Spain. He is known for his contributions in nonlinear dynamics, chaos theory, and control of chaos,[1] and has published several scientific papers and popular news articles. He has supervised around 20 PhD students in Nonlinear Dynamics, Chaos and Complex Systems. He was a Professor at the U
  • 1.9K
  • 29 Nov 2022
Biography
Walter Gerlach
Walther Gerlach (1 August 1889 – 10 August 1979) was a German physicist who co-discovered spin quantization in a magnetic field, the Stern–Gerlach effect. Gerlach was born in Biebrich, Hessen-Nassau, German Empire, as son of Dr. med. Valentin Gerlach and his wife Marie Niederhaeuser. He studied at the University of Tübingen from 1908, and received his doctorate in 1912, under Friedrich
  • 1.9K
  • 18 Nov 2022
Biography
Charles Lee Isbell, Jr.
Charles Lee Isbell Jr. is an American computationalist, researcher, and educator. He has been a professor in the Georgia Institute of Technology College of Computing since 2002, and since July 2019 serves as the College's dean. His research interests focus on machine learning and artificial intelligence, particularly interactive and human-centered AI. He has published over 100 scientific papers.
  • 1.9K
  • 16 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Bioenergy
Bioenergy is energy made from biomass or biofuel. Biomass is any organic material which has absorbed sunlight and stored it in the form of chemical energy. Examples are wood, energy crops and waste from forests, yards, or farms. Since biomass technically can be used as a fuel directly (e.g. wood logs), some people use the terms biomass and biofuel interchangeably. More often than not, the word biomass simply denotes the biological raw material the fuel is made of. The word biofuel is usually reserved for liquid or gaseous fuels, used for transportation. The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) follows this naming practice. The IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) defines bioenergy as a renewable form of energy. Researchers have disputed that the use of forest biomass for energy is carbon neutral.
  • 1.9K
  • 29 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Cristatusaurus
Cristatusaurus is a genus of theropod dinosaur that lived during the Early Cretaceous Period of what is now Niger, 112 million years ago. It was a baryonychine member of the Spinosauridae, a group of large bipedal carnivores with well-built forelimbs and elongated, crocodile-like skulls. The type species Cristatusaurus lapparenti was named in 1998 by scientists Philippe Taquet and Dale Russell, on the basis of jaw bones and some vertebrae. Two claw fossils were also later assigned to Cristatusaurus. The animal's generic name, which means "crested reptile", alludes to a sagittal crest on top of its snout; while the specific name is in honor of the French paleontologist Albert-Félix de Lapparent. Cristatusaurus is known from the Albian to Aptian Erlhaz Formation, where it would have coexisted with sauropod and iguanodontian dinosaurs, other theropods, and various crocodylomorphs. Originally proposed to be an indeterminate species of Baryonyx, the identity of Cristatusaurus has been subject to debate, in part due to the fragmentary nature of its fossils. Some argue that it is probably the same dinosaur as Suchomimus, which has also been found in Niger, in the same sediment layers. In that case the genus Cristatusaurus would have priority, since it was named two months earlier. Others have concluded, however, that Cristatusaurus is a nomen dubium, considering it indistinguishable from both Suchomimus and Baryonyx. Some distinctions between the fossils of Cristatusaurus and Suchomimus have been pointed out, but it is uncertain whether these differences separate the two genera or if they are due to ontogeny (changes in an organism during growth).
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  • 29 Sep 2022
Biography
Felix Auerbach
Felix Auerbach (12 November 1856 – 26 February 1933) was a German physicist. Auerbach was born in Breslau (today Wrocław) on 12 November 1856. His father, Leopold Auerbach, was a respected physician and professor of medicine at the University of Breslau. His mother was Arabella Auerbach, née Hess. From her, he acquired the talent and love for music that accompanied him throughout his life
  • 1.9K
  • 20 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Forest Raven
The forest raven (Corvus tasmanicus), also commonly known as the Tasmanian raven, is a passerine bird in the family Corvidae native to Tasmania and parts of southern Victoria, such as Wilsons Promontory and Portland. Populations are also found in parts of New South Wales, including Dorrigo and Armidale. Measuring 50–53 cm (20–21 in) in length, it has all-black plumage, beak and legs. As with the other two species of raven in Australia , its black feathers have grey bases. Adults have white irises; younger birds have dark brown and then hazel irises with an inner blue rim. New South Wales populations are recognised as a separate subspecies C. tasmanicus boreus, but appear to be nested within the Tasmanian subspecies genetically. The forest raven lives in a wide variety of habitats in Tasmania but is restricted to more closed forest on mainland Australia. Breeding takes place in spring and summer, occurring later in Tasmania than in New South Wales. The nest is a bowl-shaped structure of sticks sited high in a tree. An omnivorous and opportunistic feeder, it eats a wide variety of plant and animal material, as well as food waste from urban areas and roadkill. It has been blamed for killing lambs and poultry and raiding orchards in Tasmania, and is unprotected under Tasmanian legislation. The forest raven is sedentary, with pairs generally bonding for life and establishing permanent territories.
  • 1.9K
  • 24 Oct 2022
Biography
Florence Bell
Florence Ogilvy Bell (1 May 1913 – 23 November 2000), later Florence Sawyer, was a British scientist who contributed to the discovery of the structure of DNA. She was an X-ray crystallographer in the lab of William Astbury. In 1938 they published a paper in Nature that described the structure of DNA as a "Pile of Pennies".[1] Florence Ogilvy Bell was born at 47 Hanover Road, Brondesbury Par
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  • 02 Dec 2022
Biography
Robbert Dijkgraaf
Robertus Henricus "Robbert" Dijkgraaf FRSE (born 24 January 1960) is a Dutch theoretical physicist and string theorist. He is the director and Leon Levy professor at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey,[1] and a tenured professor at the University of Amsterdam. Robertus Henricus Dijkgraaf was born on 24 January 1960 in Ridderkerk, Netherlands.[2] Dijkgraaf attended the E
  • 1.9K
  • 15 Nov 2022
Biography
Charlotte Bühler
Charlotte Bühler (née Malachowski, December 20, 1893 – February 3, 1974) was a German-American developmental psychologist. Bühler was born Charlotte Berta Malachowski in Berlin, the elder of two children of Jewish government architect Hermann Malachowski, and his wife Rose (née Kristeller). After graduating from high school in 1913, Charlotte Malachowski studied natural sciences and hu
  • 1.9K
  • 02 Dec 2022
Biography
Emil Kraepelin
Emil Kraepelin (/ˈkrɛpəlɪn/; German: [ˈeːmiːl ˈkʀɛːpəliːn]; 15 February 1856 – 7 October 1926) was a German psychiatrist. H. J. Eysenck's Encyclopedia of Psychology identifies him as the founder of modern scientific psychiatry, psychopharmacology and psychiatric genetics. Kraepelin believed the chief origin of psychiatric disease to be biological and genetic malfunction. His theo
  • 1.9K
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Kostmann Syndrome
Kostmann syndrome is a group of diseases that affect myelopoiesis, causing a congenital form of neutropenia (severe congenital neutropenia [SCN]), usually without other physical malformations. SCN manifests in infancy with life-threatening bacterial infections. Most cases of SCN respond to treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (filgrastim), which increases the neutrophil count and decreases the severity and frequency of infections. Although this treatment has significantly improved survival, people with SCN are at risk of long-term complications such as hematopoietic clonal disorders (myelodysplastic syndrome, acute myeloid leukemia). Kostmann disease (SCN3), the initial subtype recognized, was clinically described in 1956. This type has an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern, whereas the most common subtype of Kostmann syndrome, SCN1, shows autosomal dominant inheritance.
  • 1.9K
  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Species Affected by Poaching
Species affected by poaching refers both to the effects of illegal hunting and fishing or capturing of wild animals on certain species, and, in a recent usage, the illegal harvesting of wild plant species. The article provides an overview of species currently endangered or impaired by poaching in the Americas, sub-Saharan Africa, and South-East Asia.
  • 1.9K
  • 20 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Interleukine-17's Modulate Neurogenesis and Behavior in PTSD Mice
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder accompanied by deficits in cognitive and social skills. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is a lifelong phenomenon, with new neurons being formed in the granular cell layer of the dentate gyrus. Impaired neurogenesis is associated with multiple behavioral disorders including Alzheimer’s disease and schizophrenia. PTSD patients often present hippocampal atrophy and animal models clearly present impaired neurogenesis. Increased expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-17 is reported in PTSD patients, but its role in the pathophysiology of the diseases is unknown. 
  • 1.9K
  • 28 Mar 2022
Biography
Rush Holt Jr.
Rush Dew Holt Jr. (born October 15, 1948) is an American scientist and politician. He was the U.S. Representative for New Jersey12 New Jersey's 12th congressional district Holt sought the Democratic nomination for U.S. Senate in the 2013 special primary election to fill the seat of U.S. Senator Frank Lautenberg, who died in office on June 3, 2013. He lost the nomination to Newark Mayor Cory Boo
  • 1.9K
  • 07 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Diplodocid
Diplodocids, or members of the family Diplodocidae ("double beams"), are a group of sauropod dinosaurs. The family includes some of the longest creatures ever to walk the Earth, including Diplodocus and Supersaurus, some of which may have reached lengths of up to 34 metres (112 ft).
  • 1.9K
  • 20 Oct 2022
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