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Topic Review
Preparation of Gaseous Biofuels from Kitchen Waste
Kitchen waste is an important component of domestic waste, and it is both harmful and rich in resources. Biofuels generally refer to solid, liquid or gaseous fuels made from biological organisms and their metabolic excretions. Biofuels are pollution-free, locally available, sustainable and reliable. Biodiesel, bioalcohols (ethanol and butanol), biomethane, and biohydrogen are the typical representatives of gaseous and liquid biofuels.
  • 885
  • 17 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Spectroscopy Techniques for Monitoring the Composting Process
Composting is described as a sustainable alternative to organic waste reuse from the agricultural and household sectors. The organic matter degradation and stabilization product presents great variability due to the waste composition used. 
  • 883
  • 25 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Seaweed Biorefineries for Carbon Capture and Storage
Seaweeds are among the most important biomass feedstocks for the production of third-generation biofuels. They are also efficient in carbon sequestration during growth and produce a variety of high-value chemicals. Given these characteristics together with the relatively high carbohydrate content, seaweeds have been discussed as an ideal means for CO2 capture and biofuel production.
  • 881
  • 20 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Effects of Organic Amendments on Solanum tuberosum L.
The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the third most important food crop worldwide, after rice and wheat. The potato is one of the crops that produce more food per unit of time, water and area, even in more adverse climates in comparison with any other crop. It is also characterized by its extraordinary ability to adapt to different soil and climate conditions, occupying a leading role in the global food chain, and thus being considered by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) as a food security crop. Likewise, the increase in world population leads to uncertainties in the food supply chain and it shows the need for high-yield crops.
  • 874
  • 02 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Carbon Emission Mitigation Efforts in Kenya
Kenya, like many other countries, has been affected by the negative impacts of climate change, such as irregular weather patterns and increasing extreme weather events, due to increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Kenya, which has a population of 50.6 million people and the biggest economy in East Africa, is the centre of the region’s trade, finance, and communications. The nation’s economy is heavily reliant on tourism and agriculture, both prone to climate variability and extreme weather events.
  • 874
  • 21 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Hydrogen Storage for Car Transportation
Hydrogen storage is a key enabling technology for the extensive use of hydrogen as energy carrier. This is particularly true in the widespread introduction of hydrogen in car transportation. Indeed, one of the greatest technological barriers for such development is an efficient and safe storage method.
  • 869
  • 07 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Quality of Energy Market Services
Environmental protection, sustainable development, quality, and value have become the goals of societal development in the twenty-first century. As the core of environmental protection, the new energy sector has become a widespread trend.
  • 869
  • 31 May 2022
Topic Review
Production Technologies for Hydrogen
Hydrogen is a frontrunner in the race to net-zero carbon because it can be produced using a diversity of feedstocks, has versatile use cases, and can help ensure energy security.
  • 867
  • 15 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Cereal Crop Residues in Green Concrete Technology
Concrete is mainly employed as a construction material. Due to the manufacturing of cement and the extent of concrete usage, numerous environmental issues and water suction have presented challenges. There is an immediate need to overcome these problematic issues by substituting natural resources with wastes and by-products of different biological processes in the production of concrete in order to make green concrete. Green concrete provides a relatively low-impact material to satisfy potential concrete demand and offers a cheaper, robust and highly reliable alternative that could fulfil future construction requirements in an environmentally safer way. Green concrete could be an alternative material that could replace those used in conventional methods of construction and help make a further step towards environmental sustainability and a circular bioeconomy.
  • 860
  • 07 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Low-Carbon Logistics Capability
It is crucial to figure out how to achieve sustainable economic growth while fostering the growth of the logistics sector and the economy by expanding low-carbon logistics capability. The term "low-carbon logistics capacity" refers to a logistics operation's capacity to achieve sustainable development in the context of the needs of the low-carbon economy. Research and development capacity, economic development, energy consumption, and other considerations, have an impact on low-carbon logistics capability. Enhancing low-carbon logistics capability does not imply that the logistics sector should cut energy use and pursue a zealous reduction in carbon emissions; rather, it aims to improve the sector's energy use efficiency.
  • 858
  • 24 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Backfill Mining Method for Mines in China
Despite China’s position as a global mining powerhouse, tens of thousands of small- and medium-sized mines (SM mines) within the country continue to pose potential safety hazards and environmental pollution risks. Only through the identification of suitable development paths can these mines improve their economic and environmental benefits, ultimately driving significant progress in China’s mining industry. Backfill mining, an environmentally friendly mining method, has emerged as a viable solution, offering the potential to ensure mining safety, reduce environmental pollution stemming from tailings stockpiles, and enhance ore resource recovery. 
  • 857
  • 04 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Adopting Energy Policies of BRICS for South Africa
At its inception in 2006, there were four BRIC member countries comprising Brazil, Russia, India and China. In 2010, South Africa was invited to become a member of BRIC, which then evolved into BRICS, forming a new alliance of these five member countries. South Africa joined in December 2010 to promote peace, security, economic development and cooperation amongst these countries. The main objective was to contribute significantly to improving the socio-economic landscape of these five member countries, which have over three billion people. This is approximately 40% of the global population, and they account for approximately 25% of the world’s gross domestic product (GDP).
  • 854
  • 24 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Floating Photovoltaic Systems
Floating Photovoltaic (FPV) system is a solution which employ PV panels in a cooler environment, achieve higher efficiency, and reduce water evaporation. FPV systems open up new opportunities for scaling up solar generating capacity, especially in countries with high population density and valuable lands, as well as countries with high evaporation rates and water resources deficiency.
  • 852
  • 28 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Near Zero-Energy Housing
A context-specific approach to the investigation of barriers to Near Zero-Energy Housing could facilitate and accelerate the transition towards a zero-energy built environment.
  • 851
  • 22 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Mechanism of Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to CH4
Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to valued products is a promising way to mitigate the greenhouse effect, as this reaction makes use of the excess CO2 in the atmosphere and at the same time forms valued fuels to partially fulfill the energy demand for human beings. Methane, which is among the products of CO2RR, is regarded as a high-value commodity due to its high energy density of 55.5 MJ/kg. Moreover, the methane produced by the electrochemical reduction of CO2 is not emitted into the atmosphere and contributes to the greenhouse effect as the well-established infrastructure for gas pipelines, allowing for the seamless storage, consumption, and distribution of methane, rendering it a widely utilized component of natural gas. 
  • 847
  • 04 May 2023
Topic Review
Decarbonization Strategies in the UAE Built Environment
The urgency of addressing climate change is increasingly evident through the rise in devastating natural disasters and significant shifts in global temperatures. With the urbanization of rural landscapes to accommodate population growth, the built environment has emerged as a major contributor to climate change, accounting for approximately 40% of natural resource consumption and carbon emissions. In pursuit of tackling climate challenges, countries have united under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to develop strategies for climate action and adaptation, through the Conference of the Parties (COP). The UAE has been an active member of the COP and has been at the forefront of implementing decarbonization strategies.
  • 846
  • 21 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Reactions to Space Mining
There is currently a surge in interest from both private and government sectors in developing technology for mining asteroids and the moon (“space mining”). One of the key benefits highlighted by advocates of space mining is that it minimizes the usual problems associated with mining on earth in terms of pollution, environmental degradation, and encroachment on human habitats. Two studies—one conducted on a 27-nation sample (N = 4819), the other conducted in the U.S. (N = 607)—provide the first test of the assumed (but never studied) notion that space mining is more palatable to the public than terrestrial mining. Both studies indicate broad support for asteroid mining: levels of support were reliably above the mid-point, and much greater than for other forms of frontier mining such as mining the ocean floor, mining Antarctica, mining the Alaskan tundra, and lunar mining. Unlike terrestrial mining, community attitudes toward mining asteroids were largely non-ideological; support was not correlated with perceptions of ecological fragility, political ideology, or individualistic/hierarchical worldviews.
  • 844
  • 24 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Renewable-Based Solar Energy of Cyprus and Saudi Arabia
The use of solar energy as an alternative source of energy is a natural reflection of technological progress to meet the growing needs of modern life applications. Since solar energy is a relatively new scientific field, specialized research centers have been established to conduct theoretical and applied experiments and to employ the various available resources in order to achieve the desired goal of renewable energy sources in their various uses.
  • 844
  • 10 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Innovative Resource Recovery from Industrial Sites
Global net-zero pledges are instigating a societal shift from a fossil-fuel-based economy to renewables. This change facilitates the use of batteries, solar photovoltaic (PV), wind turbines, etc., all of which are underpinned by critical metals. Raw metal extraction is not renewable and environmental pledges made by the government will not be met if this continues. Historic industrial sites contain vast waste stocks. These sites already have an established infrastructure for resource extraction. Applying green solvents and deep eutectic solvents (DES) to such sites for resource recovery alleviates pressure on existing raw extraction processes whilst generating more immediate stores of critical metal along with relatively insignificant environmental impacts.
  • 841
  • 22 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Agricultural Green Development in China
Green development is a concept of sustainable development, aiming to protect the environment and ecosystems while meeting economic development needs. In the field of agriculture, green development has emerged as a crucial pathway for reconciling the conflicts between agricultural development and ecological conservation. Agricultural green development is a globally significant topic of concern, and as one of the world's largest agricultural countries, China's progress in this area holds substantial demonstration and reference value for global agricultural sustainability. To investigate the level of green development in Chinese agriculture, regional variations, and the evolutionary patterns, this paper is based on the framework of sustainable development theory.
  • 840
  • 07 Aug 2023
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