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Topic Review
Interpreters in Medical Education
The use of interpreters in medical education as part of the curriculum is scarce, but students have been trained in how to work with interpreters when interviewing patients to fully develop their skills. This entry discusses about the relevant literature on the use of interpreters in medical and healthcare education. 
  • 928
  • 24 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Japanese Special Moras Education Using Evernote
One of the issues often raised in Japanese phonetics classes is special moras. Special moras are different entities to single moras, but closely resemble them, which causes non-native speakers to experience problems when learning Japanese. Kitamura highlighted that it is difficult for students to pronounce special moras correctly.
  • 928
  • 28 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality in Education
Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) are emerging technologies with a variety of potential benefits for sustainability education. Here, learning processes such as flow and presence seem to determine the learning experience. VR is understood as a computer-generated simulation that is three-dimensional (3D), multisensory, and interactive. The user can inhabit and act within a virtual environment. VR enables unique learning scenarios, as simulations allow students to act as if they were in a real environment while interacting with otherwise intangible or inaccessible objects. VR provides users with the experience of a different world that may otherwise be too dangerous, expensive, or impossible in the real world. AR, in contrast, is used to enhance and enrich the real-world learning experience. It involves overlaying digital information, such as images, videos, 3D models, or text, onto the real-world environment to provide users with additional context, interactivity, and engagement.
  • 928
  • 18 Dec 2023
Topic Review
School Social Worker
A school social worker provides counseling and psycho-social services to children and adolescents in schools at both micro and macro levels. Social workers work as mental health experts, leaders of social and emotional development within the school community, family-school liaisons, and program development experts. They aim to address student issues by working with an ecological, systems approach with parents, the school, and the community. They also work with crisis intervention, group treatment, child neglect and abuse identification and reporting, integrating services to culturally and economically diverse populations, and working on education policy issues.
  • 925
  • 06 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Responsive Teaching of Expert Elementary Mathematics Teachers
Effective mathematics instruction involves teachers engaging with and taking up student ideas and then deciding how to respond in ways that develop that thinking. There are various constructs used by mathematics educators to refer to teaching that centers student thinking, including cognitively guided instruction, formative assessment focused on disciplinary thinking, professional noticing of children’s mathematical thinking, and responsive teaching.
  • 924
  • 06 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Time Use and Cognitive Achievement
Everyone’s time is limited, and there is competition between different aspects of time use; this requires comprehensive consideration of the effects of different aspects of time use on cognitive achievement in adolescents.
  • 922
  • 11 May 2023
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Recruiting Doctoral Students: Getting It Right for All Involved
This entry explores the different ways in which students are accepted onto doctoral degrees such as PhDs and professional doctorates. The processes involved are referred to in this entry, and in much of the policy-related and research-informed literature, as “recruitment and selection”. These processes are worthy of attention given that they are high stakes for students themselves, those who guide and advise them, known as academic “supervisors”, and for academic communities more broadly. The entry acknowledges that recruitment and selection processes differ between institutions and across geographical contexts. The entry draws upon research studies and policy documents which relate to recruitment and selection practices from local, national and international contexts.
  • 922
  • 19 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Quality Assurance in E-Learning
Quality itself can be defined as the characterization given to a product, in this case, virtual education, in line with the needs expected by the user. The user, whether they are a student, a teacher, society, or the government, is considered a fundamental pillar of the management of training institutions to achieve excellence. E-learning and information and communication technologies (ICTs) contribute to the SDGs, specifically SDG-4, by promoting virtual or non-face-to-face education. 
  • 918
  • 28 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Sustainable Development of Chinese High School English Learners
Since the establishment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), countries all around the globe have been working together toward an inclusive, sustainable, and resilient future. However, there is still a long way to go before meeting the aim of sustainable development on time. Providing quality education and promoting gender equality are important tasks encompassed by the UN development goals. Quality education is a key component of the SDGs, yet little is known about how to accomplish the SDGs’ quality education targets. Second language learning plays an essential role in cultivating international innovators, and it is also an important way of achieving sustainable development. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has forced many countries to close schools, posing a huge challenge to the sustainability of quality education. Managing the relationship between quality education and sustainable development in this new era is our top priority. In this special period, it becomes particularly important to study students’ motivation to learn a second language.
  • 918
  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Teaching Reform in C Programming Course
C programming is a very practical course for computer majors and is one of the basic core courses. Students need to master programming knowledge through a great deal of programming training and practice, improve their programming ability, and gradually understand and master the ideas and methods of programming.
  • 918
  • 05 Dec 2022
Topic Review
E-Learning Success Model
The world has seen an essential development in higher educational institutions (HEI) with the rapid growth of information and communication technologies (ICT) and of computer software. This growth has created an unprecedented revolution in learning or teaching strategies, precisely in distance education. New concepts have received attention, such as e-learning (EL) or online learning, and blended learning (or hybrid learning), which combines face-to-face learning and EL. Hence, EL has become extensively used in HEI and has, for several years, been seen as one of the most important systems for education improvement in some countries.
  • 914
  • 24 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Academics Work from Home during COVID-19 in South Africa
The continuing crisis caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak has raised significant challenges for the higher education community globally. In South Africa, the government-forced lockdown measures and social distancing containment policy changed working arrangements across sectors and organisations. As a result, academics were forced to work from home (WFH), a task for which they were hardly prepared. 
  • 909
  • 22 Jun 2022
Topic Review
ESD in Environmental Engineering
Education for sustainable development (ESD) has been especially promoted by the United Nations. ESD is an indirect measurement instrument for the inclusion of SD in higher education curricula. Environmental engineering is one of the areas of most recent creation and expansion of engineering, this undergraduate program seeks to solve the environmental problems generated by the economic development of human beings, applying the theory, techniques, and technologies of engineering.
  • 907
  • 25 Sep 2021
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Supporting the Professional and Career Development of Doctoral Students
A doctoral student is someone studying for a doctoral degree, which is generally considered to be the highest academic qualification a university can award. The student develops research experience, while making an in-depth and original contribution to knowledge. They are supervised by university staff members (usually there are two, or a small panel) who train, mentor, and support the doctoral student. Professional and career development refers to support that helps students to not only grow as individuals and independent researchers, but to also have the option to successfully pursue either academic or non-academic roles after graduation. While this entry considers some international contexts, it is particularly oriented to the United Kingdom (UK) model, and to the most common doctoral degree, the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD).
  • 907
  • 14 Mar 2025
Topic Review
Language Beliefs of English Teachers in Norway
Language teachers struggle to shift from monolingual ideologies and pedagogical practices, as advocated for in the promotion of multilingualism and inclusive pedagogy. Additionally, the role of English as a multilingua franca pushes English teachers to rethink their beliefs about the language and its use. Even when positive about multilingualism, teachers are often uncertain of how to address the complexities of multilingual ideals due to varying contextual factors and a lack of practical knowledge and skills. As the makeup of learners diversifies, schools and educational authorities must mindfully avoid assumptions of a shared linguistic and cultural background among learners and their families. They must not overlook or downplay the richness of the semiotic and cultural resources all learners bring with them, especially those with multilingual backgrounds.
  • 900
  • 15 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Teacher Learning Communities
It is evident that as teachers identify and solve problems of practice together, TLCs (Teacher Learning Communities) build the capacity and collective will to enhance the learning and achievement of all students.
  • 897
  • 24 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Sustainable Development in Higher Education
Higher education institutions (HEIs) are not insulated from the challenges facing the planet and have been tasked as key stakeholders in sustainable development (SD). Over the last five decades, there has been a shift toward the categories of SD work that necessitate a collaborative culture that is not traditionally inherent in HEIs. It is offered that when HEIs align their institutional capacities with worldwide efforts to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs) by 2030 and foster an intentionally collaborative culture, they will become better equipped to face their own unique challenges: becoming “changemaker” universities; collaborating with each other in the knowledge economy; placing students at the center of the teaching and learning process; and fulfilling their “third mission” to partner with external stakeholders and society.
  • 894
  • 07 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Blended Learning in a Higher Education
Blended learning is a growing phenomenon in higher education after the COVID-19 pandemic (the educational process moved entirely online), and the way is prepared for blended education mode in universities. Although blended learning research is on the rise, fewer studies regard university students’ learning behavior in blended learning environments. 
  • 893
  • 25 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Serious Games in Higher Education in Education 4.0
The digital transformation associated with the Fourth Industrial Revolution is having an impact on the way we teach. Under the term Education 4.0, new teaching methods, new technologies, as well as a student-centered approach, are expected to be used in teaching. One established method of teaching is the use of Serious Games, as it has various positive effects in terms of motivation and engagement. 
  • 891
  • 18 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Reconceptualising Disabilities and Inclusivity for the Postdigital Era in the South African Context
Most times, focus in terms of inclusivity in education lingers around people with physical disabilities, leaving out marginalized persons due to lack of technology savvy, whereas, in the 21st century and era of (post)digitalization, technology is crucial and being compliant in such is critical. Hence, this study iinvestigated the subject of inclusivity in distance education from the dimension of technology use, in the context of South Africa, with the intention and by extension that it would apply to developing and underdeveloped countries of the world where access to technology remains a struggle. Thus, identifying what inclusivity in distance education especially from the dimension of access to technology, technology disability and skills is crucial. This therefore, calls for educational leaders to consider reconceptualising disabilities and inclusivity with regards to the postdigital era.
  • 890
  • 31 Mar 2023
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