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Topic Review
Transition Metal Phosphide Based Seawater Electrolysis
Large-scale hydrogen (H2) production is an essential gear in the future bioeconomy. Hydrogen production through electrocatalytic seawater splitting is a crucial technique and has gained considerable attention. The direct seawater electrolysis technique has been designed to use seawater in place of highly purified water, which is essential for electrolysis, since seawater is widely available.
  • 890
  • 18 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Photoswitchable Zirconium MOF
UiO-66-NH2 is a metal–organic framework (MOF), which is constructed of zirconium and amino-terephthalate ions. Modification of MOFs with photochromic compounds allows managing their gas capacity and directing sorption-desorption processes. Photochromic molecules are able to reverse their configuration under UV‐light irradiation affecting available pore volume. The modification of UiO‐66‐NH2 with diarylethene molecules (DAE, 4‐(5‐Methoxy‐1,2‐dimethyl‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl)‐3‐(2,5‐dimethylthiophen‐3‐yl)‐4‐furan‐2,5‐dione) results in the formation of new photoswitchable material for light-driven H2 storage. Most of the DAE molecules inside of the UiO‐66‐pores had an open conformation after synthesis. However, the equilibrium was able to be shifted further toward an open conformation using visible light irradiation with a wavelength of 520 nm. Conversely, UV‐light with a wavelength of 450 nm initiated the transformation of the photoresponsive moieties inside of the pores to a closed modification. We have shown that this transformation could be used to stimulate hydrogen adsorption–desorption processes. Specifically, visible light irradiation increased the H2 capacity of modified MOF, while UV‐light decreased it. A similar hybrid material with DAE moieties in the UiO‐66 scaffold was applied for hydrogen storage for the first time. Additionally, the obtained results are promising for smart H2 storage that is able to be managed via light stimuli.
  • 883
  • 02 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Layered Double Hydroxides and Metal Nanoparticles
Artificially designed heterostructures formed by close conjunctions of plasmonic metal nanoparticles (PNPs) and non-plasmonic (2D) lamellar nanostructures are receiving extensive interest. The synergistic interactions of the nanounits induce the manifestation of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in plasmonic metals in the specific environment of the 2D-light absorbing matrix, impacting their potential in plasmon enhanced catalysis. Specifically, layered double hydroxides (LDH) with the advantages of their unique 2D-layered structure, tuned optical absorption, ease of preparation, composition diversity, and high surface area, have emerged as very promising candidates for obtaining versatile and robust catalysts. In this research, researchers cover the available PNPs/LDH heterostructures, from the most used noble-metals plasmonic of Au and Ag to the novel non-noblemetals plasmonic of Cu and Ni, mainly focusing on their synthesis strategies toward establishing a synergistic response in the coupled nanounits and relevant applications in plasmonic catalysis. 
  • 883
  • 31 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Near Infrared Photosensitive Indocyanine Green Molecules
Indocyanine green (ICG) is an important kind of near infrared (NIR) photosensitive molecules for photothermal therapy (PTT)/photodynamic therapy (PDT) therapy as well as imaging. When exposed to NIR light, ICG can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can kill cancer cells and pathogenic bacteria. Moreover, the absorbed light can also be converted into heat by ICG molecules to eliminate cancer cells. In addition, it performs exceptionally well in optical imaging-guided tumor therapy and antimicrobial therapy due to its deeper tissue penetration and low photobleaching properties in the near-infrared region compared to other dyes. In order to solve the problems of water and optical stability and multi-function problem of ICG molecules, composite nanomaterials based on ICG have been designed and widely used, especially in the fields of tumors and sterilization. 
  • 880
  • 26 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Carboxylation
Carbon dioxide is ideal for carboxylation reactions as a renewable and sustainable C1 feedstock and has significant recognition owing to its low cost, non-toxicity, and high abundance. To depreciate the environmental concentration of CO2, which causes the greenhouse gas effect, developing new catalytic protocols for organic synthesis in CO2 utilization is of great importance. 
  • 880
  • 12 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Copper-Based Materials for Sustainable Environmental Applications
Copper-based nanomaterials have gained significant attention for their practical environmental applications due to their cost-effectiveness, thermal stability, selectivity, high activity, and wide availability. 
  • 879
  • 21 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Fe3O4-Based Nanocatalysts in Environmental Remediation and Cancer Treatment
Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanomaterials provide a possible way to achieve this goal, due to their magnetism, chemical stability, low toxicity, economic viability, etc. Therefore, Fe3O4-based materials are emerging as an important solid support to load heterogeneous catalysts and immobilize homogeneous catalysts. Moreover, the addition of magnetic character to catalysts will not only make their recovery much easier but also possibly endow catalysts with desirable properties, such as magnetothermal conversion, Lewis acid, mimetic enzyme activity, and Fenton activity.
  • 866
  • 04 May 2023
Topic Review
Selective Sensing of Formaldehyde
Formaldehyde (FA) is a colorless, flammable, foul-smelling chemical used in building materials and in the production of numerous household chemical goods. Herein, a fluorescent chemosensor for FA is designed and prepared using a selective organ-targeting probe containing naphthalimide as a fluorophore and hydrazine as a FA-binding site. The amine group of the hydrazine reacts with FA to form a double bond and this condensation reaction is accompanied by a shift in the absorption band of the probe from 438 nm to 443 nm upon the addition of FA. Further, the addition of FA is shown to enhance the emission band at 532 nm relative to the very weak fluorescent emission of the probe itself. Moreover, a high specificity is demonstrated towards FA over other competing analytes such as the calcium ion (Ca2+), magnesium ion (Mg2+), acetaldehyde, benzaldehyde, salicylaldehyde, glucose, glutathione, sodium sulfide (Na2S), sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and the tert-butylhydroperoxide radical. A typical two-photon dye incorporated into the probe provides intense fluorescence upon excitation at 800 nm, thus demonstrating potential application as a two-photon fluorescent probe for FA sensing. 
  • 859
  • 25 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Applications of Carbonaceous Materials
Sustainable biomass production has a significant potential for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, providing an alternative to produce eco-friendly biofuels, biochemicals, and carbonaceous materials for biological, energetic, and environmental applications. 
  • 849
  • 10 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Applications of Luminescent Materials in Visible Light Communication
The growing demand for faster data transference and communication allowed the development of faster and more efficient communication network-based technologies, with wider bandwidth capability, high resilience to electromagnetic radiation, and low latency for information travelling. To provide a suitable alternative to satisfy data transmission and consumption demand, wireless systems were established after studies on this topic. Visible light communication (VLC) processes were incorporated as interesting wireless approaches that make use of a wide frequency communication spectrum to reach higher bandwidth values and accelerate the speed of data/information transmission. For this aim, light converters, such as phosphor materials, are reported to efficiently convert blue light into green, yellow, and red emissions; however, long carrier lifetimes are achieved to enlarge the frequency bandwidth, thereby delaying the data transference rate.
  • 845
  • 28 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Game-Changing Guide to Advances in Solid-State Battery Cathodes
As global energy priorities shift toward sustainable alternatives, the need for innovative energy storage solutions becomes increasingly crucial. In this landscape, solid-state batteries (SSBs) emerge as a leading contender, offering a significant upgrade over conventional lithium-ion batteries in terms of energy density, safety, and lifespan. 
  • 845
  • 08 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Enhance the Solvent Potential of Water
Water is considered the greenest solvent. Nonetheless, the water solubility of natural products is still an incredibly challenging issue. Indeed, it is nearly impossible to solubilize or to extract many natural products properly using solely water due to their low solubility in this solvent. 
  • 843
  • 09 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Array-Based Cell Sensing for Chemical Screening
Synthetic chemicals are widely used in the daily life, making chemical safety assessments necessary for environmental exposure. Additionally, the rapid determination of chemical drug efficacy and safety is a key step in therapeutic discoveries. Cell-based screening methods are non-invasive, and cellular phenotypic changes can also provide more sensitive indicators of chemical effects than conventional cell viability. Array-based cell sensors can be engineered to maximize sensitivity to changes in cell phenotypes, lowering the threshold for detecting cellular responses under external stimuli. Therefore, array-based sensing can provide a robust strategy for both cell-based chemical risk assessments and therapeutics discovery.
  • 839
  • 06 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Nucleic Acid Drugs Delivery Carriers
Nucleic acid drugs are not readily permeable through cell membranes and often exhibit poor blood serum stability, rapid renal clearance and poor endosomal escape/cytoplasmic escape. Therefore, they are commonly used in combination with drug delivery system (DDS) carriers. The drug carrier plays an important role in the process of drug delivery. 
  • 831
  • 04 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Sterically Hindered Quaternary Phosphonium Salts (QPSs)
Structure–activity relationships are important for the design of biocides and sanitizers. The most commonly used biocides are nitrogen-containing compounds; the phosphorus-containing ones have been studied to a lesser extent. In the present study, a broad range of sterically hindered quaternary phosphonium salts (QPSs) based on tri-tert-butylphosphine was tested for their activity against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria and fungi (Candida albicans, Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. gypseum). Additionally, the hemolytic and cytotoxic properties of QPSs were determined using blood and a normal liver cell line, respectively.
  • 830
  • 23 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Rare Earths Recovery Using ILs and ILs
Ionic liquids (ILs), or room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), are a class of chemicals consisting of ions that maintain a liquid state below 100 °C. ILs serve as the basis of deep eutectic solvents (DESs), which formed a new class of chemicals characterized as being formed by mixtures of components of a eutectic, with the resulting product presenting a melting point lower than the values presented by the pure components. The presence of these rare earths in different wastes varies for each element, and it seems to be difficult to establish a fixed concentration for each element.
  • 819
  • 10 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Nanomembranes-Affiliated Water Remediation
Water contamination has become a global crisis, affecting millions of people worldwide and causing diseases and illnesses, including cholera, typhoid, and hepatitis A. Conventional water remediation methods have several challenges, including their inability to remove emerging contaminants and their high cost and environmental impact. Nanomembranes offer a promising solution to these challenges. Nanomembranes are thin, selectively permeable membranes that can remove contaminants from water based on size, charge, and other properties. They offer several advantages over conventional methods, including their ability to remove evolving pollutants, low functioning price, and reduced ecological influence. However, there are numerous limitations linked with the applications of nanomembranes in water remediation, including fouling and scaling, cost-effectiveness, and potential environmental impact. 
  • 818
  • 15 Sep 2023
Biography
Professor Anuradha Mishra
Prof. Anuradha Mishra is currently a full professor in the department of Applied Chemistry, School of Vocational Studies & Applied Sciences, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, India. She has been the dean of the School of Vocational Studies & Applied Sciences for almost five years. She has also been the Dean Academics for three years and the Dean Planning & Research for more than two years
  • 809
  • 08 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Metal–Organic Framework-Based Nanozymes
A nanozyme is a nanoscale material having enzyme-like properties. It exhibits several superior properties, including low preparation cost, robust catalytic activity, and long-term storage at ambient temperatures. Moreover, high stability enables repetitive use in multiple catalytic reactions. Hence, it is considered a potential replacement for natural enzymes. Enormous research interest in nanozymes has made it imperative to look for better enzyme-mimicking materials for biomedical applications. Given this, research on metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as a potential nanozyme material has gained momentum. MOFs are advanced hybrid materials made of inorganic metal ions and organic ligands. Their distinct composition, adaptable pore size, structural diversity, and ease in the tunability of physicochemical properties enable MOFs to mimic enzyme-like activities and act as promising nanozyme candidates. 
  • 806
  • 17 Feb 2024
Topic Review
CO2 Conversion Processes and Products
Carbon-intensive industries must deem carbon capture, utilization, and storage initiatives to mitigate rising CO2 concentration by 2050. A 45% national reduction in CO2 emissions has been projected by government to realize net zero carbon in 2030. CO2 utilization is the prominent solution to curb not only CO2 but other greenhouse gases, such as methane, on a large scale. Thermocatalytic CO2 conversions into clean fuels and specialty chemicals through catalytic CO2 hydrogenation and CO2 reforming using green hydrogen and pure methane sources have been under scrutiny. However, these processes are still immature for industrial applications because of their thermodynamic and kinetic limitations caused by rapid catalyst deactivation due to fouling, sintering, and poisoning under harsh conditions. Therefore, a key research focus on thermocatalytic CO2 conversion is to develop high-performance and selective catalysts even at low temperatures while suppressing side reactions. Conventional catalysts suffer from a lack of precise structural control, which is detrimental toward selectivity, activity, and stability. Core-shell is a emerged nanomaterial that offers confinement effect to preserve multiple functionalities from sintering in CO2 conversions. Substantial progress has been achieved to implement core-shell in direct or indirect thermocatalytic CO2 reactions, such as methanation, methanol synthesis, Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, and dry reforming methane.
  • 800
  • 09 Jan 2023
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