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Topic Review
Teeth Damage during General Anesthesia
Dental injuries during anesthesia, especially when advanced airway management is required, represent a legal problem. Factors such as poor dental condition and excessive pressure during intubation contribute to dental damage. The maxillary central incisors are commonly affected.
  • 849
  • 01 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Complete-Arch Implant-Supported Fixed Monolithic Zirconia Restorations
In full-arch rehabilitation with implant-supported fixed prostheses, using monolithic zirconia seems to have several advantages regarding function and esthetics. However, the current scientific evidence is still limited.
  • 846
  • 06 May 2023
Topic Review
Impact of Autologous Platelet Concentrates on Replanted Teeth
Autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) are produced by centrifuging the patient’s own blood and injecting or topically injecting the isolated plasma, which is rich in grown factors, regenerative cells and leukocytes, into the wound or defect. Although majority of the studies indicate that autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) may improve outcomes of tooth replantation, majority of the studies contained numerous sources of bias. Additionally, the sample size of the included subjects is inadequate to predict the clinical efficacy of APCs in management of replanted teeth. Large-scale, multi-center and long-term studies are required to ascertain the efficacy of APCs in improve the outcomes of tooth replantation. 
  • 838
  • 21 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw
Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) has become a well-known side effect of antiresorptive, and antiangiogenic drugs commonly used in cancer management.
  • 837
  • 11 May 2021
Topic Review
Effects of Irrigating Solutions on Dentin
Irrigating solutions play an important role in the eradication of intracanal microbes and debris dissolution during endodontic treatment. Different combinations of solutions and protocols have been advocated, with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA), and chlorhexidine (CHX) remaining the most widely used ones by many clinicians. Although these solutions provide efficient inorganic dissolution and antimicrobial capacity, their use has also been reported to cause undesired effects on root dentin composition and mechanical and biomechanical properties, such as microhardness, surface roughness, bond strength, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity.
  • 837
  • 19 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Coronavirus Disease 19 Infection in Dental Practice
Dental professionals and patients are exposed to a high risk of COVID-19 infection, particularly in the prosthodontic practice, because of the bio-aerosol produced during teeth preparation with dental handpieces and the strict contact with oral fluids during impression making. 
  • 835
  • 14 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Porphyromonas gingivalis on Biomaterials
It was found that Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) was frequently found at the peri-implantitis site. P. gingivalis is a Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic, non-motile, and non-spore-forming bacterium with several virulence factors: hyaluronidase and chondroitin sulfatase enzymes, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) capsule, fimbriae, collagenase, and aminopeptidase.
  • 832
  • 02 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Human Dento-Facial Evolution
Human evolution is replete with achievements such as the invention of tools, writing, scientific method, mastering of fire/cooking, agriculture and others that all together have influenced human culture.
  • 830
  • 05 May 2022
Topic Review
The Oral Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Thyroid Axis Equivalent
The hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis is crucial in regulating thyroid hormone levels that contribute to the development and homeostasis of the human body. Studies supports the presence of a local HPT axis equivalent within keratinocytes, with thyroid hormones playing a potential role in cancer progression. 
  • 829
  • 29 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Anti-tumor Photodynamic Therapy
Anti-tumor photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a unique oxidative stress-based modality that has proven highly effective on a variety of solid malignancies. Endogenous nitric oxide (NO) has a critical role in the therapeutic outcome of this modality.
  • 827
  • 27 Apr 2021
Topic Review
SARS-CoV-2 and Oral Health
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak in Wuhan, China, was first reported to the China Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization (WHO), on 31 December 2019. These initial cases were linked to an animal wet market. The SARS-CoV-2 and its virulent variants cause coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is highly contagious and spreads rapidly. The WHO declared it a global emergency on 30 January 2020, and a global pandemic on 11 March 2020. The SARS-CoV-2 genome was identified to be 70–80% identical to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and several bat coronaviruses. The similarity between these coronaviruses suggests that the bat may be the natural host and potential reservoir for SARS-CoV-2, which may have been inadvertently transmitted to humans. SARS-CoV-2 transmits readily via droplet transmission; other modes of transmission may include aerosol and oral-fecal routes. It can also be transmitted via contact with infected surfaces and oral fluids. This puts dentists and healthcare professionals at risk of COVID-19 infections, and highlights dental and medical offices as a main risk setting for cross infection of patients and healthcare professionals. Mask, face shields, handwashing, and personal protective equipment (PPE) are currently used in dental and medical facilities for COVID-19 prevention consistent with CDC guidelines.
  • 823
  • 01 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Applications of Biodegradable Magnesium-Based Materials
Reconstruction of defects in the maxillofacial region following traumatic injuries, craniofacial deformities, defects from tumor removal, or infections in the maxillofacial area represents a major challenge for surgeons. Various materials have been studied for the reconstruction of defects in the maxillofacial area. Biodegradable metals have been widely researched due to their excellent biological properties. Magnesium (Mg) and Mg-based materials have been extensively studied for tissue regeneration procedures due to biodegradability, mechanical characteristics, osteogenic capacity, biocompatibility, and antibacterial properties. 
  • 819
  • 07 Sep 2022
Topic Review
In Vivo Ectopic/Semiorthotopic Models for Dental Pulp Regeneration
Efforts to heal damaged pulp tissue through tissue engineering have produced positive results in pilot trials. However, the differentiation between real regeneration and mere repair is not possible through clinical measures. Therefore, preclinical study models are still of great importance, both to gain insights into treatment outcomes on tissue and cell levels and to develop further concepts for dental pulp regeneration.
  • 817
  • 06 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Dec1 and Dec2
Periodontal inflammation is a common inflammatory disease associated with chronic inflammation that can ultimately lead to alveolar attachment loss and bone destruction. Understanding autophagy and pyroptosis has suggested their significant roles in inflammation. In recent years, studies of differentiated embryo-chondrocyte expressed genes 1 and 2 (Dec1 and Dec2) have shown that they play important functions in autophagy and in pyroptosis, which contribute to the onset of periodontal inflammation. 
  • 812
  • 29 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Guided Endodontic Surgery
Endodontic surgery has evolved over the past. The use of state-of-the-art guided endodontic surgical procedures produces a predictable outcome in the healing of lesions of endodontic origin. Surgical-guided endodontics is a relatively new area of study that is still maturing. It has many applications such as root canal access and localization, microsurgical endodontics, endodontic retreatment, and glass fiber post removal. Additionally, it does not matter how experienced the operator is; the procedure can be completed for the patient in less time and provides greater accuracy and safety than conventional endodontics.
  • 812
  • 14 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Oral Management of X-Linked Hypophosphatemia
X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is the most common genetic form of rickets and osteomalacia and is characterized by growth retardation, deformities of the lower limbs, and bone and muscular pain. Spontaneous dental abscesses caused by endodontic infections due to dentin dysplasia are well-known dental manifestations. When dentin affected by microcracks or attrition of the enamel is exposed to oral fluids, oral bacteria are able to invade the hypomineralized dentin and pulp space, leading to pulp necrosis, followed by the formation of a periapical gingival abscess. 
  • 807
  • 21 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Effectiveness of Lasers in Treating Oral Mucocele
Oral mucoceles are non-neoplastic cystic lesions of major and minor salivary glands that commonly occur in the oral cavity. All studies indicated successful clinical results on mucocele excision with better intra- and post-operative indicators. The general characteristics and outcomes were summarized, and the quality of the studies was assessed using CARE guidelines. The reduction or absence of pain and bleeding, hemostasis, reduced operating time, minimal analgesic consumption, and an antibacterial effect were among the advantages of laser irradiation in the included studies. The laser has proven itself to play an effective role in the treatment of oral mucocele in paediatric patients. 
  • 803
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Bulk-Fill Resins versus Conventional Resins
Composite resins have become the material of choice for the restoration of posterior teeth. Although bulk-fill resins represent a tempting alternative due to their lower complexity and faster use, some dentists are reluctant to use this material. 
  • 789
  • 25 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Association between Periodontitis and Peri-Implantitis
Dental implants to replace lost teeth are a common dentistry practice nowadays. Titanium dental implants display a high success rate and improved safety profile. Nevertheless, there is an increasing peri-implantitis (PI), an inflammatory disease associated with polymicrobial infection that adversely affects the hard and soft tissues around the implant. Studies have demonstrated that oral microbiota (microorganisms residing in the oral cavity collectively known as oral microbiota) associated with periodontitis (PE) is involved in the infections related to PI, indicating a common link between PE and PI.
  • 786
  • 16 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Automatic Segmentation for Inferior Alveolar Canal Localization
Artificial Intelligence could allow a global uniformity of the dental report and assist dentists in their efforts, saving their time but keeping the quality for better outcomes. 
  • 775
  • 12 Jan 2022
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