Pro-environmental behavior (PEB), also known as green-, sustainable-, or environmentally-friendly (eco-friendly) behavior, is defined as behaviors in which individuals take protective actions toward the environment ^[1]. PEBs include responsibly engaging with outdoors or recycling household waste and recycling but also can be adaptive responses to the impact of climate change such as purchasing sustainable products (e.g., local food, green cleaning products), conserving water or energy, or changing travel modes (e.g., from driving to walking or cycling) to buying an electric vehicle or building an off-grid home ^[1][2][3][4]. With anthropogenic climate change becoming a more pressing issue, recent climate assessment reports such as the IPCC ^[5] and scholarly work have begun to use the term “climate change adaptive behavior” (also known as "climate change adaptation behavior") ^[3][4][6], which is defined as any behavior individuals can engage in to buffer the hazardous impacts of climate change ^[3] that leads to dual benefits of climate change mitigation and sustainability ^[5]. Previous literature suggested that PEBs, as part of climate change adaptive behavior, may positively contribute to environmental sustainability ^[7].

Pro-environmental behavior (PEB), also known as green-, sustainable-, or environmentally-friendly (eco-friendly) behavior, is defined as behaviors in which individuals take protective actions toward the environment [8]. PEBs include responsibly engaging with outdoors or recycling household waste and recycling but also can be adaptive responses to the impact of climate change such as purchasing sustainable products (e.g., local food, green cleaning products), conserving water or energy, or changing travel modes (e.g., from driving to walking or cycling) to buying an electric vehicle or building an off-grid home [8,9,10,11]. With anthropogenic climate change becoming a more pressing issue, recent climate assessment reports such as the IPCC [3] and scholarly work have begun to use the term “climate change adaptive behavior” (also known as "climate change adaptation behavior") [10,11,12], which is defined as any behavior individuals can engage in to buffer the hazardous impacts of climate change [10] that leads to dual benefits of climate change mitigation and sustainability [3]. Previous literature suggested that PEBs, as part of climate change adaptive behavior, may positively contribute to environmental sustainability [13].