Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is causing the current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 uses its viral membrane fusion protein, andthe spike protein, to enter the host cells. COVID-19 vaccines focus on itintroduce the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein into the human body to acquire immunity.

The article by Suresh s& Suzuki [1] describes the finding of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. However, in affecting human lung vascular cells and explains how the spike protein possibly increases the incidence of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).

In addition to facilitating the membrane fusion and viral entry, the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (without the rest of the viral components) promotes cell growth signaling in human lung vascular cells, and p [2]. Patients who died of COVID-19 have thibeen shown to exhibit thickened pulmonary vascular walls, linking the spike protein to [2]. Lung vascular cell growth and vascular wall thickening are pathogenic features of PAH, a fatal disease, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). In add that can affect people of any age.

Litionke tohe SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins, gp120, the viral membrane fusion protein of HIV, has also been reported to promote cell signaling, and l. Long-term surviving HIV-positive patients are known to have a high incidence of developing PAH.

Thius article describes the finding of the SARS-CoV-2 spike, viruses whose viral membrane fusion protein affecting lung vascular cells and explains how s elicit cell signaling are linked to PAH.

Further spike protein possibly increases the incidence of PAHexperimentation and careful clinical observations for PAH in relation to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccines are thus warranted. Since the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein will be administered to millions of people as COVID-19 vaccines, it is critical to understand the biological effects of this protein on human cells to ensure that it does not promote long-term adverse health consequences.

1. Introduction
2. The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein activates cell signaling in lung vascular cells
3. Pathology of PAH
4. Do the membrane fusion proteins of other viruses also activate cell signaling in host cells without the rest of the viral components?
5. HIV increases the incidence of PAH
6. Are individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 predisposed to developing PAH?
7. COVID-19 vaccines and PAH
8. Conclusions

REFERENCES

[1] Suresh, S.J.; Suzuki, Y.J. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and lung vascular cells.  J. Respir. 2021, 1, 40-48; https://doi.org/10.3390/jor1010004

[2] Suzuki, Y.J.; Nikolaienko, S.I.; Dibrova, V.A.; Dibrova, Y.V.; Vasylyk, V.M.; Novikov, M.Y.; Shults, N.V.; Gychka, S.G. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-mediated cell signaling in lung vascular cells. Vascul. Pharmacol. 2020; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vph.2020.106823