Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is causing the current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)., SARS-CoV-2 uses its viral membrane fusion protein, the spike protein, to enter the host cells. and COVID-19 vaccines introduce the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein into the human body to acquire immunity.

The article by Surefocus on itsh & Suzuki [1] describes the finding of the SARS-CoV-2 sspike protein affecting human lung vascular cells and explains how the spike protein possibly increases the incidence of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).

In a. However, in addition to facilitating the membrane fusion and viral entry, the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (without the rest of the viral components) promotes cell growth signaling in human lung vascular cells [2]. P, and patients who died of COVID-19 have been shown to exhibit thithickened pulmonary vascular walls [2]. Lung vascular cell growth and vascular wall thickening are pathogenic features of PAH, , linking the spike protein to a fatal disease that can affect people of any age.

L, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). In additikeon theo SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins, gp120, the viral membrane fusion protein of HIV, has also been reported to promote cell signaling. L, and long-term surviving HIV-positive patients are known to have a high incidence of developing PAH.

Thuis, viruses whose viral membrane fusion article describes the finding of the SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins elicit cell signaling are linked to PAH.

Fur affecting lung vascular cells and explains how ther experimentation and careful clinical observations for PAH in relation to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccines are thus warrantedspike protein possibly increases the incidence of PAH. Since the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein will be administered to millions of people as COVID-19 vaccines, it is critical to understand the biological effects of this protein on human cells to ensure that it does not promote long-term adverse health consequences.

REFERENCES

[1] Suresh, S.J.; Suzuki, Y.J. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and lung vascular cells.  J. Respir. 2021, 1, 40-48; https://doi.org/10.3390/jor1010004

[2] Suzuki, Y.J.; Nikolaienko, S.I.; Dibrova, V.A.; Dibrova, Y.V.; Vasylyk, V.M.; Novikov, M.Y.; Shults, N.V.; Gychka, S.G. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-mediated cell signaling in lung vascular cells. Vascul. Pharmacol. 2020; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vph.2020.106823

1. Introduction
2. The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein activates cell signaling in lung vascular cells
3. Pathology of PAH
4. Do the membrane fusion proteins of other viruses also activate cell signaling in host cells without the rest of the viral components?
5. HIV increases the incidence of PAH
6. Are individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 predisposed to developing PAH?
7. COVID-19 vaccines and PAH
8. Conclusions