Submitted Successfully!
To reward your contribution, here is a gift for you: A free trial for our video production service.
Thank you for your contribution! You can also upload a video entry or images related to this topic.
Version Summary Created by Modification Content Size Created at Operation
1
Nilufar Mamadalieva
 + 1984 word(s) 1984 2021-01-20 03:56:00 |
2 format correct
Dean Liu
 -597 word(s) 1387 2021-01-29 02:58:07 |

Video Upload Options

We provide professional Video Production Services to translate complex research into visually appealing presentations. Would you like to try it?
No, upload directly Yes

Confirm

Are you sure to Delete?
Yes No
Cite
If you have any further questions, please contact Encyclopedia Editorial Office.
Mamadalieva, N. The Genus Lagochilus (Lamiaceae). Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/6862 (accessed on 16 November 2024).
Mamadalieva N. The Genus Lagochilus (Lamiaceae). Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/6862. Accessed November 16, 2024.
Mamadalieva, Nilufar. "The Genus Lagochilus (Lamiaceae)" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/6862 (accessed November 16, 2024).
Mamadalieva, N. (2021, January 28). The Genus Lagochilus (Lamiaceae). In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/6862
Mamadalieva, Nilufar. "The Genus Lagochilus (Lamiaceae)." Encyclopedia. Web. 28 January, 2021.
The Genus Lagochilus (Lamiaceae)
Edit
This entry is adapted from the peer-reviewed paper 10.3390/plants10010132

The genus Lagochilus (Lamiaceae) is native to Central, South-Central, and Eastern Asia. 

Lagochilus Lamiaceae diversity traditional medicine phytochemistry secondary metabolites pharmacology biological properties

1. Introduction

Terrestrial plants have been used for centuries as an endless well for supplying many medicinally important secondary metabolites that are used effectively in curing various ailments. They are considered as the milestone of all the traditional medicinal systems used throughout the whole world since antiquity. This fact attracted researchers in drug discovery to explore these plants frequently with the aim of finding new secondary metabolites or to validate the claimed ethnopharmacological uses.

Family Lamiaceae (the mint family) is among the largest family that contains about 236 genera and 6900 to 7200 species. The family is famous for many of its widely used genera including Salvia, Scutellaria, Stachys, Plectranthus, Hyptis, Teucrium, Vitex, Thymus, and Nepeta. Members from the Lamiaceae are important ornamental, medicinal, and aromatic plants and have been used as traditional herbal medicines for thousands of years[1]. They are also used as culinary herbs, spices, and vegetables and as ingredients in cosmetics, hygienic products, and perfumes[2].

The genus Lagochilus is a small genus that comprises about 44 species that are native to Central, South-Central, and Eastern Asia[3][4]. It is highly drought-tolerant and is considered a typical mountain plant. Most of these species have been commonly used as herbal medicines for the treatment of various ailments for thousands of years, especially in Asian countries. Species of this genus exhibit various pharmacological effects, such as hemostatic, antispasmodic, and anti-edemic properties, and can be used against bleeding, coronary heart disease, chest pain, skin conditions, stomach pain, and as a tranquilizer. The most reported properties include relaxation, insomnia, dementia, euphoria, and subtle perceptual changes. Lagochilus is also used for the treatment of allergies and skin diseases[5][6][7][8][9]. Pharmacological studies indicated that mainly diterpenoids have hemostatic abilities[10][11].

Previous chemical instigations on the genus are limited due to the fact that many species are classified endangered, and the collection of these plants is not easy. However, this effort on the chemical profiling of the plants belonging to the genus led to the isolation and characterization of many diterpenes, flavonoids, iridoids, triterpenes, and polysaccharides. The diterpene lagochiline and its derivatives are among the promising hemostatic agents [5][7][10][11].

2. Taxonomy and Botany

Within the Lamiaceae family, Lagochilus belongs to the subfamily Lamioideae and tribe Leonureae Dumort[12]. Species of Lagochilus are subshrubs or perennial herbs (Figure 1). Rootstocks are woody. Stems are green-white, rigid, and sparsely hirsute. The leaf blade is rhombic, palmatipartite, or pinnatipartite, with lobes spinescent, sometimes subtending sterile spinescent bracteoles. Normally, 2–10 flowers grow vertically. The calyx is campanulate to tubular-campanulate, 5-veined; throat oblique, straight; teeth five, subequal or three posterior teeth longer, triangular to oblong or broadly ovate, usually longer than the tube, apex spinescent. Corolla is villous outside, pilose annulate inside, 2-lipped; upper lip oblong, straight, slightly concave, 2-lobed or 4-toothed; lower lip obliquely spreading, 3-lobed; middle lobe largest, obcordate, 2-lobulate; lateral lobes straight, acute, or emarginate. Stamens are four, exserted or sub included, anterior two longer; with filaments complanate; anther cells two, parallel or divergent, ciliate. Style is filiform, apex subequally 2-cleft. Nutlets are flattened-obconical, oblong–obovoid or oblong–ovoid, apex truncate or rounded, glandular, dusty hairy, scaly, or glabrous, smooth.

Plants 10 00132 g001 550

Figure 1. Photograph for some Lagochilus species from Uzbekistan Flora (A): L. inebrians Bunge, (B): L. nevskii Knorring, (C): L. occultiflorus Rupr., (D): L. olgae Kamelin, (E): L. platycalyx Schrenk, (F): L. proskorjakovii Ikramov, (G): L. seravschanicus Knorring, (H): L. setulosus Vved., (I): L. vvedenskyi R. Kam. (Photos A, B, D, G are taken by Natalya Beshko, photos C, H are taken by Alim Gaziev, photo E is taken by Tulkin Tillaev, photos F, I are taken by Akbar Akhmedov).

3. Diversity

The genus Lagochilus is mostly distributed on dry slopes, in valleys, and deserts from Iran to Mongolia, Russia (south Siberia), northwest China, north Pakistan[1] and has a distributional center in Tianshan Mountains and Central Asia. The results of the studies of Zhang et al. [3] showed that the Tianshan Mountains, especially the western Ili-Kirghizia Tianshan, as well as Sunggar and Kaschgar, were the ancestral area. The ancestral biome was mainly in the montane steppe zone of valley and slope at altitudes of 1700 ± 2700 m above sea level, and the montane desert zone of foothill and front-hill at 800 ± 1700 m. The main center of diversity lies in Central Asia. According to Tskervanik[12], in world flora, there are 44 species that can be distinguished in Lagochilus. According to the taxonomy of this author, 34 species grow in the territory of the CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States).

In the flora of Uzbekistan, this genus is represented by 18 species (Table 1)[13]. Taxa of the genus Lagochilus basically occur throughout the territory of Uzbekistan, starting from the deserts to Tian-Shan and Pamir-Alay mountain systems. The majority of species can be found in the Pamir-Alai Mountain, south-west of Tian-Shan and Turanian lowland[13]. Species from the genus Lagochilus belong to the most vulnerable plant species from the Lamiaceae family. Out of the existing 18 Lagochilus species in the flora of Uzbekistan, four are included in the Red Book of the Republic of Uzbekistan[14]: L. vvedenskyi, L. olgae, L. proskorjakovii, and L. inebrians. The main population of these species grows in Nuratau and Kyzylkum deserts. On the basis of occurrence, these Red List plant species belong to category I (disappearing) and II (rare species). In addition, the natural distribution of other species from this genus, such as L. gypsaceus and L. acutilobus, are also limited across the country[15]. In the territory of South Kazakhstan, 10 species of Lagochilus were found, and the areas of these species are located in Karatau, Karzhantau, and Aksu-Zhabagly[16]. In the Flora of China, there are 14 Lagochilus species distributed wildly in the northwest region. One of the species, L. ilicifolius, grows in the desert (sandy land) and steppe in northwestern China (Neimeng, Gansu, Shanxi, and Ningxia provinces), whereas the other 13 species are distributed mainly in the Xinjiang region[3][10][17]. The Flora of Iran comprises six species, and four of them (L. macranthus Fisch and C.A. Mey., L. quadridentatus Jamzad, L. lasiocalyx (Stapf) Jamzad, and L. aucheri Boiss.) are endemic to Iran[4][18][19]. Three species of Lagochilus are found in Mongolian flora, and they are widely distributed in the Khangai, Mongolian Altai, Middle Khalkha, Depression of Great Lakes, Valley of Lakes, East Gobi, Gobi-Altai, Transaltai Gobi, Alashan Gobi regions (Table 1)[20][21].

Table 1. Diversity and distribution of different Lagochilus species in Asia.

Distribution Region Species Reference
Afghanistan western Himalaya L. cabulicus Benth., L. cuneatus Benth., L. hindukushi Kamelin and Gubanov, L. schugnanicus Knorring https://wcsp.science.kew.org/
China northwestern China, Xinjiang region (Ili Valley, the Karakoram and Altai Mountains) L. ilicifolius Bunge ex Benth., L. grandiflorus C. Y. Wu and Hsuan, L. platyacanthus Rupr., L. kaschgaricus Ruprecht, L. diacanthophyllus (Pall.) Benth, L. hirtus Fisch. and C.A. Mey., L. bungei Benth., L. macrodontus Knorring, L. kaschgaricus Rupr., L. lanatonodus C.Y. Wu and S.J. Hsuan, L. leiacanthus Fisch. and C.A. Mey., L. pungens Schrenk, L. xianjiangensis G.J. Liu [3][10][17] https://wcsp.science.kew.org/
Iran   L. alutaceus Bunge., L. cabulicus Benth., L. macranthus Fisch and C.A. Mey., L. quadridentatus Jamzad, L. lasiocalyx (Stapf) Jamzad, L. aucheri Boiss. [4][18][19]
Kazakhstan Karatau, Karzhantau, Aksu-Zhabagly L. acutilobus (Ledeb.) Fisch. and C.A. Mey., L. bungei Benth., L. longidentatus Knorr., L. pulcher Knorr., L. taucumensis Zucker., L. inebrians Bunge, L. androsswii Knorr., L. leiacanthus Fisch. et Mey, L. pungens Schrenk, L. hirtus Fisch. et Mey, L. diacanthophillus Benth., L. kaschgaricus Rupr., L. knorringianus Pavlov, L. occultiflorus Rupr., L. platyacanthus Rupr., L. platycalyx Schrenk ex Fisch. and C.A. Mey, L. seravschanicus Knorring, L. setulosus Vved., L. subhispidus Knorring [16]
https://wcsp.science.kew.org/
Kyrgyzstan Tian-Shan and Pamir Alai Mountains L. diacanthophyllus (Pall.) Benth, L. drobovii Kamelin and Tzukerv., L. hirsutissimus Vved, L. kaschgaricus Rupr., L. knorringianus Pavlov, L. occultiflorus Rupr., L. paulsenii Briq., L. platyacanthus Rupr., L. platycalyx Schrenk ex Fisch. and C.A. Mey, L. pubescens Vved., L. pulcher Knorring, L. schugnanicus Knorring, L. turkestanicus Knorring https://wcsp.science.kew.org/
Mongolia Mongolian Altai and Khangai Mountains, Gobi regions L. bungei Benth., L. diacanthophyllus, L. ilicifolius Bge [20][21]
Pakistan Western Pakistan L. cabulicus Benth., L. cuneatus Benth., L. schugnanicus Knorring https://wcsp.science.kew.org/
Tajikistan Pamir-Alay Mountains L. botschantzevii Kamelin and Tzukerv., L. gypsaceus Vved., L. hirsutissimus Vved, L. inebrians Bunge, L. knorringianus Pavlov, L. kschtutensis Knorring, L. nevskii Knorring, L. paulsenii Briq., L. platyacanthus Rupr, L. platycalyx Schrenk ex Fisch. and C.A. Mey, L. pubescens Vved, L. schugnanicus Knorring, L. seravschanicus Knorring, L. turkestanicus Knorring https://wcsp.science.kew.org/
Turkmenistan   L. balchanicus Czerniak., L. gypsaceus Vved., L. inebrians Bunge, L. cabulicus Benth. https://wcsp.science.kew.org/
Uzbekistan Nuratau and Kyzylkum deserts, Tian-Shan and Pamir-Alay Mountains L. acutilobus (Ledeb.) Fisch. et C. A. Mey., L. botschantzevii Kamelin et Zukerv., L. diacanthophyllus (Pall.) Benth., L. gypsaceus Vved., L. hirsutissimus Vved., L. inebrians Bunge, L. knorringianus Pavlov, L. kschtutensis Knorr., L. nevskii Knorr., L. occultiflorus Rupr., L. olgae R. Kamelin, L. paulsenii Briq., L. pubescens Vved., L. platyacanthus Rupr., L. setulosus Vved., L. platycalyx Schrenk, L. seravschanicus Knorr., L. vvedenskyi R. Kam. et Zucker. [13][15]
 
 

References

  1. Harley, R.M.; Atkins, S.; Budantsev, A.L.; Cantino, P.D.; Conn, B.J.; Grayer, R.; Harley, M.M.; De Kok, R.; Krestovskaja, T.; Morales, R.; et al. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants VII; Kadereit, J.W., Kubitzki, K., Eds.; Flowering Plants. Dicotyledons: Lamiales (Except Acanthaceae Including Avicenniaceae); Springer: Berlin, Germany, 2004; pp. 167–275.
  2. Agostini, F.; Santos, C.A.; Rossato, M.; Márcia, R.P.; Paula, L.S.; Serafini, L.A.; Molon, R.; Patrick, M. Essential oil yield and composition of Lamiaceae species growing in southern Brazil. Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol. 2009, 52, 473–478.
  3. Zhang, M.L.; Zeng, X.Q.; Sanderson, S.C.; Byalt, V.V.; Sukhorukov, A.P. Insight into Central Asian flora from the Cenozoic Tianshan montane origin and radiation of Lagochilus (Lamiaceae). PLoS ONE 2017, 12, e0178389.
  4. Jamzad, Z. The genus Lagochilus (Labiatae) in Iran. Iran J. Bot. 1988, 4, 91–103.
  5. Li, G.; Mishig, D.; Pu, X.; Yi, J.; Zhang, G.; Luo, Y. Chemical components of aerial parts of Lagochilus ilicifolius. Chin. J. Appl. Environ. Biol. 2012, 18, 924–927.
  6. Qian, J.S.; Zhang, B.F.; Wang, W.; Liu, Q.; Wang, C.H.; Jiao, Y.; Chou, G.X.; Xu, H.; Wang, Z.T. Chemical constituents of Lagochilus ilicifolius. Chin. Tradit. Herb. Drugs 2012, 43, 869–872.
  7. Qian, J.S.; Zhang, C.G.; Wang, W.; Zhang, T.; Xu, H.X.; Chou, G.X. A new lignan glucoside from Lagochilus ilicifolius. Pharmacogn. Mag. 2015, 11, 191–195.
  8. Sezik, E.; Yesilada, E.; Shahidoyatov, K.; Kuliev, Z.; Nigmatullaev, A.M.; Aripov, H.; Takaishi, Y.; Takeda, Y.; Honda, G. Traditional medicine in Uzbekistan I. Folk medicine in Uzbekistan I. Toshkent, Djizzax and Samarqand provinces. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2004, 92, 197–207.
  9. Eisenman, S.W.; Zaurov, D.E.; Struwe, L. Medicinal Plants of Central Asia: Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan; Springer: New York, NY, USA, 2013; p. 155.
  10. Jiao, Y.; Chen, P.-H.; Xiong, A.-Z.; Wang, Z.-T.; Tsim, K.W.-K.; Chou, G.-X.; Xu, H. Evaluation of hemostatic and anti-inflammatory activities of extracts from different Lagochilus species in experimental animals: Comparison of different extractives and sources. Phytother. Res. 2015, 29, 22–29.
  11. Zainutdinov, U.N.; Islamov, R.; Dalimov, D.N.; Abdurakhmanov, T.R.; Matchanov, O.D.; Vypova, N.L. Structure-activity relationship for hemostatic lagochilin diterpenoids. Chem. Nat. Compd. 2002, 38, 161–163.
  12. Tskervanik, T.I. System of the genus Lagochilus (Lamiaceae). Bot. Zhurnal. 1985, 70, 1183–1190.
  13. Shomurodov, H.F.; Akhmedov, A.; Saribayeva, S.U. Distribution and the current state of Lagochilus acutilobus (Lamiaceae) in connection with the oil and gas sector development in Uzbekistan. Ecol. Quest. 2014, 19, 45–49.
  14. Red Data Book of Republic of Uzbekistan. Plants (Tashkent: Chinor ENK) 2009, 1, 256.
  15. Akhmedov, A.K.; Shomurodov, H.F.; Nomozova, Z.B. The ontogenesis and ontogenetic structure of Lagochilus proskorjakovii Ikram (Lamiaceae) coenopopulations in Nuratau mountain range (Uzbekistan). Am. J. Plant Sci. 2016, 7, 928–936.
  16. Aimenova, Z.E.; Eshibaev, A.A.; Zaynutdinov, U.N. Research of areas of distribution of valuable medicinal species of plants of Lagochilus Bunge (Lamiaceae) genus of South Kazakhstan territory. In Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Biology and Medical Sciences, Vienna, Austria, 13 January 2015; pp. 4–9. 
  17. Li, H.; Hedge, I. Lamiaceae. In Flora of China; Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H., Eds.; Science Press: Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press: St. Louis, MO, USA, 1994; Volume 17, pp. 50–299.
  18. Jamzad, M.; Ghorbanalipoor, B.; Hafez Taghva, P.; Jamzad, Z.; Yari, M. Chemical composition of Hymnocrater elegans Bunge. and Lagochilus aucheri Boiss, two Labiatae species from Iran. J. Essent. Oil-Bear Plants. 2015, 18, 833–839.
  19. Taban, S.; Masoudi, S.; Chalabian, F.; Delnavaz, B.; Rustaiyan, A. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of the essential oils from flower and leaves of Lagochilus kotschyanus Boiss. A new species from Iran. J. Med. Plants. 2009, 8, 58–63.
  20. Grubov, V.I. Key to the Vascular Plants of Mongolia; Science Publishers: Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, 2001; p. 261.
  21. Dumaa, M.; Gerelt-Od, Y.; Javzan, S.; Otgonhkishig, D.; Doncheva, T.; Yordanova, G.; Philipov, S.; Selenge, D. GC-MS analysis and antibacterial activity of some fractions from Lagochilus ilicifolius Bge. grown in Mongolia. Mong. J. Chem. 2015, 16, 39–43.
More
© Text is available under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy.
Upload a video for this entry
Information
Subjects: Chemistry, Organic
Contributor MDPI registered users' name will be linked to their SciProfiles pages. To register with us, please refer to https://encyclopedia.pub/register :
Nilufar Mamadalieva
View Times: 871
Revisions: 2 times (View History)
Update Date: 29 Jan 2021
Table of Contents
    1000/1000
    Hot Most Recent
    ScholarVision Creations
    Feedback