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Zhong, J. Interpenetrating Polymer Networks. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/61993 (accessed on 12 November 2026).
Zhong J. Interpenetrating Polymer Networks. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/61993. Accessed November 12, 2026.
Zhong, Jack. "Interpenetrating Polymer Networks" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/61993 (accessed November 12, 2026).
Zhong, J. (2026, November 06). Interpenetrating Polymer Networks. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/61993
Zhong, Jack. "Interpenetrating Polymer Networks." Encyclopedia. Web. 06 November, 2026.

Interpenetrating Polymer Networks

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Interpenetrating polymer networks are combinations of two or more polymer networks that are at least partly interlocked on a molecular scale without being covalently joined [1]. Each network is synthesised or crosslinked in the presence of the other, so the two are entangled and cannot be separated without breaking chemical bonds [1]. The morphology is set by the relative rates of network formation and by the compatibility of the components, which decide whether the phases stay co-continuous or separate into domains [2]. Because the networks carry no bonds between them, the material is classed as a polymer blend rather than a copolymer [3]. Swelling in a common solvent is limited by the elastic restraint each network imposes on the other [2].

interpenetrating network sequential polymerisation co-continuous morphology physical interlock ipn
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References

  1. Waenkaew, P.; Taranekar, P.; Jiang, G.; Huang, C.Y.; Fulghum, T.; Patton, D.; Jayarathna, L.; Phanichphant, S.; Advincula, R.C. Nanostructured Interpenetrating Polymer Network (IPN) Precursor Ultrathin Films. Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 2011, 212, 1039-1049. [CrossRef]
  2. Rogovina, L.; Dembo, A.; Skitanth Sharma, P.; Frisch, H.; Schulz, M. Swollen interpenetrating polymer networks. Polymer 2000, 41, 2893-2898. [CrossRef]
  3. Farooq, U.; Teuwen, J.; Dransfeld, C. Toughening of Epoxy Systems with Interpenetrating Polymer Network (IPN): A Review. Polymers 2020, 12, 1908. [CrossRef]
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Subjects: Polymer Science
Contributor MDPI registered users' name will be linked to their SciProfiles pages. To register with us, please refer to https://encyclopedia.pub/register : Jack Zhong
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Revisions: 2 times (View History)
Update Date: 06 Nov 2026
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