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Zhong, J. Polyaniline (PANI). Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/61948 (accessed on 12 November 2026).
Zhong J. Polyaniline (PANI). Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/61948. Accessed November 12, 2026.
Zhong, Jack. "Polyaniline (PANI)" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/61948 (accessed November 12, 2026).
Zhong, J. (2026, November 05). Polyaniline (PANI). In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/61948
Zhong, Jack. "Polyaniline (PANI)." Encyclopedia. Web. 05 November, 2026.

Polyaniline (PANI)

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Polyaniline is a conjugated polymer of repeated aniline units whose oxidation state and protonation set its electronic character [1]. The chains exist as leucoemeraldine, emeraldine or pernigraniline according to the ratio of reduced to oxidised units, and only the emeraldine salt, protonated by an acid, is electrically conductive [1]. Conduction proceeds by polaron hopping along the protonated backbone and between chains, so it depends on doping level and on chain packing rather than on molar mass [2]. The polymer is insoluble in most solvents in its conducting form, while the emeraldine base dissolves in some organic acids [3]. Its absorption spectrum shifts with oxidation state, which gives the colour changes that track the doping level [3].

conjugated polymer emeraldine salt doping polaron oxidation state
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References

  1. Talukder, M.M.; Rahman Khan, M.M.; Amin, M.K. A review on polyaniline (PANI) based nanocomposites for water purification. South African Journal of Chemical Engineering 2023, 44, 276-282. [CrossRef]
  2. Yadav, A.K.; Mohammad, N.; Chamanehpour, E.; Mishra, Y.K.; Khanna, P.K. Polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposites with Se, Te and their metal chalcogenides: a review. RSC Applied Polymers 2024, 2, 775-794. [CrossRef]
  3. Darkeh Assem, H.; Edem Kweku Donkor, M.; Yao Tamakloe, R.; K. Nkum, R. A Review of UV-Vis on Polymers; Polyaniline (PANI) and Its Nanocomposites. European Journal of Applied Sciences 2024, 12, 322-346. [CrossRef]
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Subjects: Polymer Science
Contributor MDPI registered users' name will be linked to their SciProfiles pages. To register with us, please refer to https://encyclopedia.pub/register : Jack Zhong
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Revisions: 3 times (View History)
Update Date: 06 Nov 2026
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