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Hu, T. Demographic Influences. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/61905 (accessed on 09 November 2026).
Hu T. Demographic Influences. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/61905. Accessed November 09, 2026.
Hu, Tinley. "Demographic Influences" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/61905 (accessed November 09, 2026).
Hu, T. (2026, November 05). Demographic Influences. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/61905
Hu, Tinley. "Demographic Influences." Encyclopedia. Web. 05 November, 2026.

Demographic Influences

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Demographic influences are the population-level associations between stable, measurable attributes of animals and their owners—breed, sex, neuter status, age, household composition, and owner age—and behavioural or welfare outcomes; effects are rarely uniform, since breed differences in canine trainability are large while sex and neuter effects occur only in particular breeds [1]. In dogs, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention are more pronounced in young males spending more time alone at home [2]. In cats, housing type, the number of cats kept, and owner animal preference predict personality scores, whereas breed, owner age, and neuter status do not [3]. Owner age also predicts the number of toys provided per cat, and owner behaviour correlates with cat play but not problem behaviour [4].

demographic influences breed differences neuter status household composition owner characteristics
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References

  1. James A. Serpell; Yuying A. Hsu; Effects of breed, sex, and neuter status on trainability in dogs. Anthrozoös 2005, 18, 196-207. [CrossRef]
  2. Sini Sulkama; Jenni Puurunen; Milla Salonen; Salla Mikkola; Emma Hakanen; César Araujo; Hannes Lohi; Canine hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention share similar demographic risk factors and behavioural comorbidities with human ADHD. Transl. Psychiatry 2021, 11, 1-9. [CrossRef]
  3. Laura E. Leech; Richard Preziosi; Rosica Stoycheva; Giovanni Quintavalle Pastorino; The effects of owner and domestic cat (Felis catus) demographics on cat personality traits. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 2022, 248, 105570. [CrossRef]
  4. Ines Windschnurer; Andrea Häusler; Susanne Waiblinger; Grahame J. Coleman; Relationships between owner and household characteristics and enrichment and cat behaviour. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 2022, 247, 105562. [CrossRef]
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Subjects: Veterinary Sciences
Contributor MDPI registered users' name will be linked to their SciProfiles pages. To register with us, please refer to https://encyclopedia.pub/register : Tinley Hu
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Update Date: 05 Nov 2026
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