Ethnopharmacology is an interdisciplinary field within medicinal plant research that investigates the therapeutic substances, preparations, and treatment practices used by culturally defined communities, together with their botanical identity, traditional preparation, routes of administration, intended therapeutic context, chemical constituents, pharmacological actions, toxicological properties, and clinical or biological evidence ^[1][2][3]. The field integrates ethnographic documentation with botanical identification, phytochemical analysis, pharmacological experimentation, and safety assessment to examine relationships between culturally transmitted medicinal knowledge and measurable biological effects ^[1][2]. Its study units may include medicinal plant species, plant parts, mixtures, extracts, preparation methods, dosage patterns, and the disorders or symptoms for which they are used ^[2][4]. Ethnopharmacology also records the cultural, ecological, and social contexts that organize medicinal knowledge and shape the selection, processing, and administration of plant-based remedies ^[1][3]. Within plant science and life sciences, the concept therefore denotes the systematic study of culturally situated medicinal-plant use and the chemical, biological, and toxicological properties associated with that use ^[1][2][3][4].