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Terpenoid Biosynthesis
EditTerpenoid biosynthesis is the enzymatic formation of compounds derived from the five-carbon building blocks isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate. These precursors feed the formation of diverse linear and cyclic carbon skeletons [1]. In plants, precursor production and subsequent reactions can be organized within specialized cells and compartments, including secretory cells of glandular trichomes [2]. Prenyltransferases combine the five-carbon units into longer diphosphates, and terpene synthases transform these substrates through cyclization, rearrangement, or elimination reactions [3]. Tailoring enzymes then modify the skeleton through reactions such as oxidation. Cytochrome P450 enzymes contribute to these later transformations by introducing oxygen-containing functional groups and enabling additional structural changes. The complete pathway connects precursor generation, skeleton construction, and product-specific chemical modification [4][5].
References
- Jeffrey D. Rudolf; Tyler A. Alsup; Baofu Xu; Zining Li; Bacterial terpenome. Nat. Prod. Rep. 2020, 38, 905-980. [CrossRef]
- B. Markus Lange; Glenn W. Turner; Terpenoid biosynthesis in trichomes—current status and future opportunities. Plant Biotechnol. J. 2012, 11, 2-22. [CrossRef]
- Hui Jiang; Xi Wang; Biosynthesis of monoterpenoid and sesquiterpenoid as natural flavors and fragrances. Biotechnol. Adv. 2023, 65, 108151. [CrossRef]
- Yuya Kakumu; Ayesha Ahmed Chaudhri; Eric J. N. Helfrich; The role and mechanisms of canonical and non-canonical tailoring enzymes in bacterial terpenoid biosynthesis. Nat. Prod. Rep. 2025, 42, 501-539. [CrossRef]
- Han Xiao; Yue Zhang; Meng Wang; Discovery and Engineering of Cytochrome P450s for Terpenoid Biosynthesis. Trends Biotechnol. 2019, 37, 618-631. [CrossRef]
