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Peng, Y. Ethanol Fermentation. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/61416 (accessed on 12 November 2026).
Peng Y. Ethanol Fermentation. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/61416. Accessed November 12, 2026.
Peng, Yu. "Ethanol Fermentation" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/61416 (accessed November 12, 2026).
Peng, Y. (2026, October 25). Ethanol Fermentation. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/61416
Peng, Yu. "Ethanol Fermentation." Encyclopedia. Web. 25 October, 2026.

Ethanol Fermentation

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Ethanol fermentation is the metabolic conversion of organic substrates into ethanol through reactions coupled to cellular energy generation and redox balance. In yeast, sugar catabolism supplies pyruvate, which is converted through acetaldehyde to ethanol [1]. Reduction of acetaldehyde reoxidizes NADH to NAD+, sustaining continued glycolytic turnover and its associated substrate-level phosphorylation [2]. The sugars entering this process must be accessible to the organism's uptake and metabolic pathways; complex polysaccharides require prior hydrolysis, and pentose utilization requires the appropriate enzymatic routes [3]. Fermentative carbon flow can coexist with respiratory metabolism, and high glycolytic flux can promote ethanol formation in Crabtree-positive yeasts. The process therefore links carbon conversion, nucleotide-cofactor recycling, and allocation of substrate between growth and fermentation products [4][5].

ethanol alcohol dehydrogenase glycolysis NAD+ regeneration
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References

  1. F.W. Bai; W.A. Anderson; M. Moo-Young; Ethanol Fermentation Technologies from Sugar and Starch Feedstocks. Biotechnol. Adv. 2008, 26, 89-105. [CrossRef]
  2. Chen-Guang Liu; Chuang Xue; Yen-Han Lin; Feng-Wu Bai; Redox Potential Control and Applications in Microaerobic and Anaerobic Fermentations. Biotechnol. Adv. 2013, 31, 257-265. [CrossRef]
  3. Chen-Guang Liu; Yi Xiao; Xiao-Xia Xia; Xin-Qing Zhao; Liangcai Peng; Penjit Srinophakun; Feng-Wu Bai; Cellulosic Ethanol Production: Progress, Challenges and Strategies for Solutions. Biotechnol. Adv. 2019, 37, 491-504. [CrossRef]
  4. Kazuyuki Shimizu; Yu Matsuoka; Regulation of Glycolytic Flux and Overflow Metabolism Depending on the Source of Energy Generation for Energy Demand. Biotechnol. Adv. 2019, 37, 284-305. [CrossRef]
  5. Pauline L. Folch; Markus M.M. Bisschops; Ruud A. Weusthuis; Metabolic Energy Conservation for Fermentative Product Formation. Microb. Biotechnol. 2021, 14, 829-858. [CrossRef]
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Subjects: Food Science & Technology
Contributor MDPI registered users' name will be linked to their SciProfiles pages. To register with us, please refer to https://encyclopedia.pub/register : Yu Peng
View Times: 9
Entry Collection: Biosynthesis and Synthetic Biology
Revisions: 4 times (View History)
Update Date: 26 Oct 2026
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