The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is a multilateral development bank established in 1966 to promote economic growth and cooperation in Asia and the Pacific. It provides financial resources, technical assistance, and knowledge support to developing member countries to address development challenges and improve economic and social conditions ^[1][2]. Its principal financing instruments include loans, grants, guarantees, and equity investments, alongside technical assistance and advisory services that support the preparation and implementation of development initiatives ^[1][2]. ADB operates through sovereign and nonsovereign financing, working with governments, private-sector entities, and other development partners. Its areas of engagement include infrastructure, agriculture and rural development, education, health, environmental sustainability, regional cooperation, and private-sector development ^[2][3]. As a multilateral institution owned by its member countries, ADB operates under its founding charter, which establishes its objectives, functions, membership arrangements, and governance structure ^[1]. It is distinct from bilateral development agencies, which operate on behalf of individual donor governments, and from commercial banks, whose primary purpose is commercial financial intermediation rather than regional development. ADB therefore combines development financing, technical expertise, and regional cooperation within a multilateral institutional framework.