Social movements are collective efforts by individuals, groups, and organizations to promote or resist social, political, or cultural change through sustained interaction and coordinated action ^[1][2]. They typically involve shared goals, common grievances, or a collective identity that connects participants and distinguishes the movement from other social actors ^[3]. Unlike isolated protests or temporary gatherings, social movements often develop through informal networks, shared interpretations of social issues, and a range of activities, including demonstrations, public campaigns, advocacy, community organizing, and other forms of collective action. Their development is shaped by access to resources, political opportunities, relationships with authorities and opponents, and the cultural meanings through which participants frame their demands. Collective identity and solidarity can help sustain participation over time, while movement strategies and forms of expression may evolve in response to changing social conditions ^[4]. Social movements may seek institutional reform, expanded rights, cultural recognition, environmental protection, or more fundamental transformations of existing social arrangements.