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| Version | Summary | Created by | Modification | Content Size | Created at | Operation |
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| 1 | Yu Peng | -- | 135 | 2026-10-14 02:33:32 | | | |
| 2 | Catherine Yang | -14 word(s) | 121 | 2026-10-14 02:48:01 | | |
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Peng, Y. Translation Factors. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/60957 (accessed on 02 November 2026).
Peng Y. Translation Factors. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/60957. Accessed November 02, 2026.
Peng, Yu. "Translation Factors" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/60957 (accessed November 02, 2026).
Peng, Y. (2026, October 14). Translation Factors. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/60957
Peng, Yu. "Translation Factors." Encyclopedia. Web. 14 October, 2026.
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Translation Factors
EditTranslation factors are proteins that associate with ribosomes, messenger RNA, or transfer RNA to coordinate stages of protein synthesis. Initiation factors assemble the components required to recognize a start codon and begin polypeptide synthesis [1]. Their contacts with ribosomal subunits and RNA organize successive initiation complexes and regulate transitions between these states [2]. In eukaryotes, initiation factors participate in recruitment to the messenger RNA and in scanning through its leader sequence; RNA structure and upstream open reading frames can alter this process [3][4]. The initiator transfer RNA is delivered with eIF2 and GTP. Start-codon recognition promotes factor rearrangement and GTP-related transitions, after which eIF5B supports joining of the large ribosomal subunit to produce an elongation-competent ribosome [5][6].
initiation factors
elongation factors
release factors
ribosome
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References
- Nahum Sonenberg; Alan G. Hinnebusch; Regulation of Translation Initiation in Eukaryotes: Mechanisms and Biological Targets. Cell 2009, 136, 731-745. [CrossRef]
- Richard J. Jackson; Christopher U. T. Hellen; Tatyana V. Pestova; The Mechanism of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation and Principles of Its Regulation. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2010, 11, 113-127. [CrossRef]
- Jailson Brito Querido; Irene Díaz-López; V. Ramakrishnan; The Molecular Basis of Translation Initiation and Its Regulation in Eukaryotes. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2023, 25, 168-186. [CrossRef]
- Alan G. Hinnebusch; Ivaylo P. Ivanov; Nahum Sonenberg; Translational Control by 5′-untranslated Regions of Eukaryotic mRNAs. Science 2016, 352, 1413-1416. [CrossRef]
- Antonina Roll-Mecak; Chune Cao; Thomas E. Dever; Stephen K. Burley; X-Ray Structures of the Universal Translation Initiation Factor IF2/eIF5B. Cell 2000, 103, 781-792. [CrossRef]
- Alan G. Hinnebusch; The Scanning Mechanism of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 2014, 83, 779-812. [CrossRef]
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