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A commodity refers to a standardized, interchangeable good or primary product that can be traded, exchanged, or priced based on common characteristics rather than individual identity. In agricultural and biological sciences, commodities primarily include raw agricultural products and natural resource-based goods that are produced, processed, and exchanged through market systems, such as crops, livestock products, and other biological outputs ^[1]. The defining characteristics of commodities include physical uniformity, tradability, and the existence of market-determined prices that facilitate exchange among producers, intermediaries, and consumers ^[2]. Unlike differentiated products, commodities are generally valued according to measurable attributes such as quantity, quality grade, and market conditions rather than unique producer characteristics or branding ^[3]. Within agricultural economics and policy analysis, the concept of commodity is closely related to production decisions, market organization, price formation, trade flows, and the allocation of agricultural resources across interconnected supply chains ^[4].