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Optically active polymer synthesis, situated in axial and atropisomeric chirality chemistry, is the construction of macromolecules that exhibit a measurable excess of one enantiomeric or atropisomeric form arising from configurationally stable stereogenic elements in the main chain, side chain, or conformational helix. The concept is bounded by the generation and retention of molecular chirality at the polymer level, rather than by the mere incorporation of racemic stereocenters. Essential features include a stereochemical source—chiral monomers, chiral initiators or catalysts, or a preferred helical screw sense—and a polymerization that does not racemize the stereogenic axes or centers. Helical conformation and function in synthetic optically active polymers are defined by a one-handed screw sense that can be locked by bulky side chains or by stereoregular backbone configurations ^[1]. In atropisomeric systems the stereogenic element is a restricted rotation about an aryl–aryl or related axis, so that chain growth must preserve the rotational barrier that defines the atropisomer. The concept is distinguished from the synthesis of optically inactive, atactic polymers and from racemic stereoregular polymers that lack an enantiomeric excess. Light-triggered enantioselective polymerization can further imprint a preferred chiral superstructure when circularly polarized light biases the stereochemical outcome of chain formation ^[2].