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Stroke represents one of the main causes of death and disability in the world; despite this, pharmacological therapies against stroke remain insufficient. Ischemic stroke is the leading etiology of stroke. Different molecular mechanisms, such as excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation, participate in cell death and tissue damage. At a preclinical level, different garlic compounds have been evaluated against these mechanisms. Additionally, there is evidence supporting the participation of garlic compounds in other mechanisms that contribute to brain tissue recovery, such as neuroplasticity. After ischemia, neuroplasticity is activated to recover cognitive and motor function. Some garlic-derived compounds and preparations have shown the ability to promote neuroplasticity under physiological conditions and, more importantly, in cerebral damage models.
Different garlic OSCs and preparations have been extensively utilized in preclinical studies for treating stroke. Their protective properties are principally attributed to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities assessed during short periods of ischemia and/or reperfusion. However, the mechanisms activated over longer periods, such as neuroplasticity, that are essential for effective patient recovery have not been studied. Despite this, both garlic compounds and preparations can stimulate neuroplasticity in healthy animals and models of neurological damage, suggesting that garlic compounds and preparations might stimulate neuroplasticity in ischemic stroke. Although this is a process that occurs after ischemic stroke, it requires an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory environment to ensure the survival of the new neurons and the proper functioning of connections between pre-existing neurons.