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Xu, C. LMNA-Related Congenital Muscular Dystrophy. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/4439 (accessed on 26 December 2024).
Xu C. LMNA-Related Congenital Muscular Dystrophy. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/4439. Accessed December 26, 2024.
Xu, Camila. "LMNA-Related Congenital Muscular Dystrophy" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/4439 (accessed December 26, 2024).
Xu, C. (2020, December 23). LMNA-Related Congenital Muscular Dystrophy. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/4439
Xu, Camila. "LMNA-Related Congenital Muscular Dystrophy." Encyclopedia. Web. 23 December, 2020.
LMNA-Related Congenital Muscular Dystrophy
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This entry is adapted from the peer-reviewed paper https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/lmna-related-congenital-muscular-dystrophy

LMNA-related congenital muscular dystrophy (L-CMD) is a condition that primarily affects muscles used for movement (skeletal muscles). It is part of a group of genetic conditions called congenital muscular dystrophies, which cause weak muscle tone (hypotonia) and muscle wasting (atrophy) beginning very early in life.

genetic conditions

1. Introduction

In people with L-CMD, muscle weakness becomes apparent in infancy or early childhood and can worsen quickly. The most severely affected infants develop few motor skills, and they are never able to hold up their heads, roll over, or sit. Less severely affected children may learn to sit, stand, and walk before muscle weakness becomes apparent. First the neck muscles weaken, causing the head to fall forward (dropped-head syndrome). As other skeletal muscles become weaker, these children may ultimately lose the ability to sit, stand, and walk unassisted.

Other features of L-CMD often include spinal rigidity and abnormal curvature of the spine (scoliosis and lordosis); joint deformities (contractures) that restrict movement, particularly in the hips and legs; and an inward-turning foot. People with L-CMD also have an increased risk of heart rhythm abnormalities (arrhythmias).

Over time, muscle weakness causes most infants and children with L-CMD to have trouble eating and breathing. The breathing problems result from restrictive respiratory insufficiency, which occurs when muscles in the chest are weakened and the ribcage becomes increasingly rigid. This problem can be life-threatening, and many affected children require support with a machine to help them breathe (mechanical ventilation).

2. Frequency

L-CMD is a rare disorder. Only about 50 affected individuals have been described in the medical literature.

3. Causes

L-CMD is caused by mutations in the LMNA gene. This gene provides instructions for making very similar proteins called lamins. These proteins play an important role in determining the shape of the nucleus within cells. Lamins are an essential supporting (scaffolding) component of the nuclear envelope, which is the membrane that surrounds the nucleus. The nuclear envelope regulates the movement of molecules into and out of the nucleus, and researchers believe it may play a role in regulating the activity of certain genes.

Mutations in the LMNA gene lead to the production of abnormal lamins. These malfunctioning proteins alter the structure of the nuclear envelope in ways that are not well understood. Researchers are working to determine how these changes affect muscle cells and lead to muscle weakness and atrophy in people with L-CMD.

3.1. The gene associated with LMNA-related congenital muscular dystrophy

  • LMNA

4. Inheritance

L-CMD is considered an autosomal dominant disorder, which means one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the condition. All known cases of L-CMD have resulted from new (de novo) mutations in the gene. These mutations occur during the formation of reproductive cells (eggs or sperm) or in early embryonic development. Affected individuals have no history of the disorder in their family.

5. Other Names for This Condition

  • L-CMD

  • LMNA-related CMD

  • MDCL

  • muscular dystrophy, congenital, LMNA-related

References

  1. Azibani F, Brull A, Arandel L, Beuvin M, Nelson I, Jollet A, Ziat E, PrudhonB, Benkhelifa-Ziyyat S, Bitoun M, Lorain S, Bonne G, Bertrand AT. Gene Therapyvia Trans-Splicing for LMNA-Related Congenital Muscular Dystrophy. Mol TherNucleic Acids. 2018 Mar 2;10:376-386. doi: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.12.012.
  2. Barateau A, Vadrot N, Vicart P, Ferreiro A, Mayer M, Héron D, Vigouroux C,Buendia B. A Novel Lamin A Mutant Responsible for Congenital Muscular DystrophyCauses Distinct Abnormalities of the Cell Nucleus. PLoS One. 2017 Jan26;12(1):e0169189. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169189.
  3. Bonati U, Bechtel N, Heinimann K, Rutz E, Schneider J, Frank S, Weber P,Fischer D. Congenital muscular dystrophy with dropped head phenotype andcognitive impairment due to a novel mutation in the LMNA gene. NeuromusculDisord. 2014 Jun;24(6):529-32. doi: 10.1016/j.nmd.2014.02.004.
  4. D'Amico A, Haliloglu G, Richard P, Talim B, Maugenre S, Ferreiro A, Guicheney P, Menditto I, Benedetti S, Bertini E, Bonne G, Topaloglu H. Two patients with'Dropped head syndrome' due to mutations in LMNA or SEPN1 genes. NeuromusculDisord. 2005 Aug;15(8):521-4.
  5. Hattori A, Komaki H, Kawatani M, Sakuma H, Saito Y, Nakagawa E, Sugai K,Sasaki M, Hayashi YK, Nonaka I, Nishino I. A novel mutation in the LMNA genecauses congenital muscular dystrophy with dropped head and brain involvement.Neuromuscul Disord. 2012 Feb;22(2):149-51. doi: 10.1016/j.nmd.2011.08.009.
  6. Heller F, Dabaj I, Mah JK, Bergounioux J, Essid A, Bönnemann CG, Rutkowski A, Bonne G, Quijano-Roy S, Wahbi K. Cardiac manifestations of congenitalLMNA-related muscular dystrophy in children: three case reports andrecommendations for care. Cardiol Young. 2017 Aug;27(6):1076-1082. doi:10.1017/S1047951116002079.
  7. Karaoglu P, Quizon N, Pergande M, Wang H, Polat AI, Ersen A, Özer E, Willkomm L, Hiz Kurul S, Heredia R, Yis U, Selcen D, Çirak S. Dropped head congenitalmuscular dystrophy caused by de novo mutations in LMNA. Brain Dev. 2017Apr;39(4):361-364. doi: 10.1016/j.braindev.2016.11.002.
  8. Menezes MP, Waddell LB, Evesson FJ, Cooper S, Webster R, Jones K, Mowat D,Kiernan MC, Johnston HM, Corbett A, Harbord M, North KN, Clarke NF. Importanceand challenge of making an early diagnosis in LMNA-related muscular dystrophy.Neurology. 2012 Apr 17;78(16):1258-63. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e318250d839.
  9. Pasqualin LM, Reed UC, Costa TV, Quedas E, Albuquerque MA, Resende MB,Rutkowski A, Chadi G, Zanoteli E. Congenital muscular dystrophy with dropped headlinked to the LMNA gene in a Brazilian cohort. Pediatr Neurol. 2014Apr;50(4):400-6. doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2013.11.010.
  10. Prigogine C, Richard P, Van den Bergh P, Groswasser J, Deconinck N. Novel LMNAmutation presenting as severe congenital muscular dystrophy. Pediatr Neurol. 2010Oct;43(4):283-6. doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2010.05.016.
  11. Quijano-Roy S, Mbieleu B, Bönnemann CG, Jeannet PY, Colomer J, Clarke NF,Cuisset JM, Roper H, De Meirleir L, D'Amico A, Ben Yaou R, Nascimento A, BaroisA, Demay L, Bertini E, Ferreiro A, Sewry CA, Romero NB, Ryan M, Muntoni F,Guicheney P, Richard P, Bonne G, Estournet B. De novo LMNA mutations cause a new form of congenital muscular dystrophy. Ann Neurol. 2008 Aug;64(2):177-86. doi:10.1002/ana.21417.
  12. Wang CH, Bonnemann CG, Rutkowski A, Sejersen T, Bellini J, Battista V,Florence JM, Schara U, Schuler PM, Wahbi K, Aloysius A, Bash RO, Béroud C,Bertini E, Bushby K, Cohn RD, Connolly AM, Deconinck N, Desguerre I, Eagle M,Estournet-Mathiaud B, Ferreiro A, Fujak A, Goemans N, Iannaccone ST, Jouinot P,Main M, Melacini P, Mueller-Felber W, Muntoni F, Nelson LL, Rahbek J, Quijano-RoyS, Sewry C, Storhaug K, Simonds A, Tseng B, Vajsar J, Vianello A, Zeller R;International Standard of Care Committee for Congenital Muscular Dystrophy.Consensus statement on standard of care for congenital muscular dystrophies. JChild Neurol. 2010 Dec;25(12):1559-81. doi: 10.1177/0883073810381924.
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Subjects: Genetics & Heredity
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Camila Xu
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Entry Collection: MedlinePlus
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Update Date: 23 Dec 2020
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