2. Traffic Software Applications in ITMS

3. ITMS Applications

• Anomaly detection: Traffic congestion and vehicle accidents are both made more likely by driving in a way that is against the law. The use of video surveillance allows for the detection and enforcement of a variety of driving offenses, including taking an incorrect turn and failing to stop at a red light. Rajeshwari et al. ^[8] presented a survey article in which numerous techniques to manage and locate vehicle accidents on a street using a surveillance camera are examined, and the research also includes a brief assessment of various autonomous road and street accident detection methodologies.
• Security: A network-based surveillance system can record a vehicle’s trajectory across the road network to track a specific vehicle of interest. In combination with online streaming of real-time video, this technology helps law enforcement agencies benefit from monitoring and preventing criminal activity. By addressing the issue related to security, Fedotov et al. ^[9] discussed a method based on the processing of video and audio that is going to be used in an effort to determine whether people have committed crimes. This will trigger an alarm at the nearby surveillance station, which may already be in control of a large number of CCTV images from neighboring places. The security personnel who are responsible for keeping an eye on multiple screens at the same time will find this to be beneficial.
• The collection of vehicle tolls: The planning, execution, and dissemination of information concerning the autonomous operation of the vehicle selection system are the primary focuses of the ITMS. The vehicle toll collection device locates passing vehicles and compiles toll data that can be read by video sensors that detect the features of a vehicle, particularly its license plate number, as it passes through charging ports such as highway exits and entrances or parking lots. Nowadays, RFID-based toll systems ^[10] are used for collecting tolls without human intervention.
• Road construction and transportation planning: A monitoring system can detect bottlenecks and other anomalies in traffic flow by tracking traffic patterns. Real-time traffic data, the existing road network, and the planned road network are the three components that are used to develop an intelligent transportation system for roads. There are many examples of intelligent planning and research on urban congestion in the transportation sector. One of the things conducted by Zhu et al. ^[11] was to address the congestion issue.
• Environmental impact assessment: Since quite a few years ago, the development of environmentally friendly transportation systems has been seen as one of the most significant approaches to addressing environmental issues such as climate change and the impacts of greenhouse gases. On a worldwide basis, the transportation industry has emerged as one of the most significant contributors to the aforementioned environmental issues. Hassouna et al. ^[12] discussed the environmental implications that are already happening and those that will happen in the future because of the transportation sector.
• Traffic Signal Control Systems: Traffic information in real time should be made available to drivers as quickly as possible to manage congestion efficiently. Because of the significant progress that has been made in recent years in the fields of CV and ML, it is now technically possible to design intelligent traffic signaling systems that do not require human monitoring. These systems can function without human intervention. In order to program traffic lights, you need to know the factors that characterize the traffic, such as the number of cars, how frequently they enter and exit the area, and so on.