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HandWiki. 1888–1893 Uprisings of Hazaras. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/37989 (accessed on 23 September 2026).
HandWiki. 1888–1893 Uprisings of Hazaras. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/37989. Accessed September 23, 2026.
HandWiki. "1888–1893 Uprisings of Hazaras" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/37989 (accessed September 23, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, December 05). 1888–1893 Uprisings of Hazaras. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/37989
HandWiki. "1888–1893 Uprisings of Hazaras." Encyclopedia. Web. 05 December, 2022.
1888–1893 Uprisings of Hazaras
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The 1888–1893 Uprisings of Hazaras occurred in the aftermath of the Second Anglo-Afghan War, when the Afghan Emirate signed the Treaty of Gandamak. Afghan King Abdur Rahman Khan set out to bring the Turkistan, Hazarajat and Kafiristan regions under his control. He launched several campaigns in the Hazarajat due to resistance from the Hazaras, and he conducted a widespread campaign on its population. Over sixty percent of the total Hazara population was killed with some being displaced by fleeing to Quetta and other adjoining areas. The Hazara land was distributed among loyalist villagers of nearby non-Hazaras. Moreover, many Hazaras were sold in the markets of Kabul and Qandahar. Abdur Rahman arrested Syed Jafar, chief of the Sheikh Ali Hazara tribe, and jailed him in Mazar-e-Sharif. The repression after the uprising has been called the most significant case of genocide or ethnic cleansing in the history of modern Afghanistan.

ethnic cleansing genocide afghanistan

References

  1. Alessandro Monsutti (15 December 2003). "HAZĀRA ii. HISTORY". Encyclopædia Iranica. http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hazara-2. Retrieved 16 December 2012. 
  2. Mousavi, Sayed Askar (1998). The Hazaras of Afghanistan: An Historical, Cultural, Economic and Political Study. Richmond, NY: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-17386-5. 
  3. "Refworld | World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples – Afghanistan : Hazaras". http://www.refworld.org/docid/49749d693d.html. 
  4. Ibrahimi, Niamatullah (2017). The Hazaras and the Afghan State Rebellion, Exclusion and the Struggle for Recognition. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9781849049818. https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Hazaras_and_the_Afghan_State/cp1YDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=genocide. 
  5. News.D.No.48 F. No.124 F.C.,dated Sibi, 27 January 1893. From-Major-General Sir James Browne, K.C.S.I.,C.B.,R.E.,Agent to the governor-general in Baluchistan, To-The Secretary to the Government of India, Foreign Department. News-Letter No 3,
  6. News.D.No.128 F. No.1537, dated Quetta, 24 March 1893. From-Major-General Sir James Browne, K.C.S.I.,C.B.,R.E.,Agent to the governor-general in Balochistan, To-The Secretary to the Government of India, Foreign Department. News-letter No.11, By Khan Bahadur Mirza Muhammad Takki Khan, 17 March 1893.
  7. News.D.No.186 F. No.2257, Quetta, 28 April 1893, From-Major-General Sir James Browne, K.C.S.I.,C.B.,R.E.,Agent to the governor-general in Baluchistan, To-The Secretary to the Government of India, Foreign Department. News-letter No.16, By Khan Bahadur Mirza Muhammad Takki Khan, 21 April 1893.
  8. News.D.No.29 F. No.26 F.C.,dated Camp Jacobabad, 14 January 1893. From-Major-General Sir James Browne, C.B.,K.C.S.I., R.E.,Agent to the governor-general in Baluchistan, To-The Secretary to the Government of India, Foreign Department. News-letter No.1, By Khan Bahadur Mirza Muhammad Taki Khan, 6 January 1893.
  9. News. D.No.85 F. No.300 F.C., dated Sibi, 25 February 1893. From-Major-General Sir James Browne, K.C.S.I.,C.B.,R.E., Agent to the governor-general in Baluchistan, To-The Secretary to the Government of India, Foreign Department. News-letter No.6., By Khan Bahadur Mirza Muhammad Takki Khan, 10 February 1893.
  10. News.D.No. 242. F. No.2909,dated Quetta, 5 June 1893. From-Major-General Sir James Browne, K.C.S.I.,C.B.,R.E.,Agent to the governor-general in Baluchistan, To-The Secretary to the Government of India, Foreign Department. News-letter No.21, By Khan Bahadur, Mirza Muhammad Takki Khan, 27 May 1893.
  11. News. D.No.390 F. No.921. F.C., dated Ziarat, 11 September 1893. From-Major-General Sir James Browne, K.C.S.I.,C.B.,R.E.,Agent to the governor-general in Baluchistan, To-The Secretary to the Government of India, Foreign Department. News-letter. No.34, By Khan Bahadur Mirza Muhammad Takki Khan, 26 August 1893.
  12. Diaries.D.No 62, No. 177 F.C., dated Sibi, 6 February 1893. From-Major-General Sir James Browne, K.C.S.I., C.B., R.E., Agent to the governor-general in Baluchistan, To-The Secretary to the Government of India, Foreign Department. News-letter No.4, By Khan Bahadur Mirza Muhammad Takki Khan, 27 January 1893,
  13. News.D.No.243 F. No.2903, dated Quetta, 5 June 1893. From-Major-General Sir James Browne, K.C.S.I.,C.B.,R.E.,Agent to the governor-general in Baluchistan, To-The Secretary to the Government of India, Foreign Department. News-letter No.20, By Khan Bahadur Mirza Muhammad Taki Khan, 19 May 1893.
  14. "Chehl Dukhtaro". April 2013. https://www.hazara.net/2013/04/chehl-dukhtaro/. 
  15. Gier, Nicholas F.. THE GENOCIDE OF THE HAZARAS Descendants of Genghis Khan Fight for Survival in Afghanistan and Pakistan. http://www.maca-usa.org/MACADocuments/HazarasGierNick.pdf. 
  16. 30 mule loads is roughly 30 sets of 150[19] pounds or 2.25 tons; a human head weighs 10.5 pounds on average[20]
  17. Bussi, Pierluigi (19 January 2017). "IL GENOCIDIO DEGLI HAZARA". http://ilkim.it/il-genocidio-degli-hazara/. 
  18. "HAZĀRA". Arash Khazeni, Alessandro Monsutti, Charles M. Kieffer. United States: Encyclopædia Iranica. 15 December 2003. http://iranicaonline.org/articles/hazara-1. 
  19. "Who are the Hazara". Pak Tribune. http://tribune.com.pk/story/267225/who-are-the-hazara/. 
  20. Hazara International (23 September 2021). "Hazara Genocide Memorial". https://www.hazarainternational.com/2021/09/23/hazara-genocide-memorial/. 
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