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HandWiki. Eastern Equine Encephalitis. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/37939 (accessed on 30 September 2026).
HandWiki. Eastern Equine Encephalitis. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/37939. Accessed September 30, 2026.
HandWiki. "Eastern Equine Encephalitis" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/37939 (accessed September 30, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, December 05). Eastern Equine Encephalitis. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/37939
HandWiki. "Eastern Equine Encephalitis." Encyclopedia. Web. 05 December, 2022.
Eastern Equine Encephalitis
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Medicine:Eastern_equine_encephalitis

Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE), commonly called Triple E or sleeping sickness (not to be confused with African trypanosomiasis), is a disease caused by a zoonotic mosquito vectored Togavirus that is present in North, Central, and South America, and the Caribbean. EEE was first recognized in Massachusetts , United States, in 1831, when 75 horses died mysteriously of viral encephalitis. Epizootics in horses have continued to occur regularly in the United States. It can also be identified in donkeys and zebras. Due to the rarity of the disease, its occurrence can cause economic impact beyond the cost of horses and poultry. EEE is found today in the eastern part of the United States and is often associated with coastal plains. It can most commonly be found in East Coast and Gulf Coast states. In Florida, about one to two human cases are reported a year, although over 60 cases of equine encephalitis are reported. In years in which conditions are favorable for the disease, the number of equine cases is over 200. Diagnosing equine encephalitis is challenging because many of the symptoms are shared with other illnesses and patients can be asymptomatic. Confirmations may require a sample of cerebral spinal fluid or brain tissue, although CT scans and MRI scans are used to detect encephalitis. This could be an indication that the need to test for EEE is necessary. If a biopsy of the cerebral spinal fluid is taken, it is sent to a specialized laboratory for testing. Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) is closely related to Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus and western equine encephalitis virus.

cerebral spinal fluid encephalitis sleeping sickness

References

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  2. "Evolutionary patterns of eastern equine encephalitis virus in North versus South America suggest ecological differences and taxonomic revision". J. Virol. 84 (2): 1014–25. January 2010. doi:10.1128/JVI.01586-09. PMID 19889755.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2798374
  3. Kelser, R.A. (1937). "Transmission of the Virus of Equine Encephalomy-elîtis by Aëdes taeniorhynchus". Science (Washington) 85-2198 (2198): 178. doi:10.1126/science.85.2198.178. PMID 17732932. Bibcode: 1937Sci....85..178K. https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/19371000288. 
  4. "Eastern Equine Encephalitis". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 16 August 2010. https://www.cdc.gov/EasternEquineEncephalitis/tech/symptoms.html. 
  5. "Eastern Equine Encephalitis Fact Sheet". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 16 August 2010. https://www.cdc.gov/EasternEquineEncephalitis/tech/symptoms.html. 
  6. Zheng, Yuxing (16 August 2008). "Mosquito-borne virus infects 2d in Mass". The Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2006/08/18/mosquito_borne_virus_infects_2d_in_mass/. 
  7. Zheng, Yuxing (31 August 2006). "Middleborough boy with EEE dies". The Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/news/globe/city_region/breaking_news/2006/08/middleborough_b.html. 
  8. Kane, Taryn (27 July 2012). "Rare, deadly virus found in mosquitoes in Pittsfield". News10. http://www.news10.com/story/19135352/rare-deadly-virus-found-in-mosquitoes-in-pittsfield. 
  9. Andersen, Travis; McDonald, Danny (6 September 2019). "Two more EEE human cases reported, raising the state's count to seven". https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2019/09/06/two-more-human-cases-eee-confirmed-state-health-officials-people-have-contracted-virus/uFSuUSiSixfN7OXSLtHwbP/story.html. 
  10. "Why Is EEE Highest In Southeastern Massachusetts?". CBS Boston. 22 August 2019. https://boston.cbslocal.com/2019/08/22/eee-eastern-equine-encephalitis-southeastern-massachusetts-mosquito-testing-spraying/. 
  11. "Second Human Case Of EEE Confirmed In Mass.; 10 More Towns Now At Critical Risk". CBS Boston. 16 August 2019. https://boston.cbslocal.com/2019/08/16/eee-human-case-massachusetts-towns-critical-risk/. 
  12. Seltz, Johanna (13 August 2019). "It's code red for EEE in nine communities south of Boston". The Boston Globe. https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/globelocal/2019/08/13/code-red-for-eee-nine-communities-south-boston/d5FZypxHPgAt3KST0C7cAL/story.html. 
  13. Congi, Sera (13 August 2019). "Massachusetts man infected with EEE now in coma, family says". WCVB-TV. https://www.wcvb.com/article/massachusetts-man-infected-with-eee-now-in-coma-family-says/28684731. 
  14. LaPook, Jonathan (21 September 2019). "7 dead from rare disease spread by mosquitoes". https://www.cbsnews.com/news/eastern-equine-encephalitis-at-least-6-dead-from-rare-disease-spread-by-mosquitoes-2019-09-20/. 
  15. Almasy, Steve (2 October 2019). "Connecticut Eastern equine encephalitis death is 10th nationwide". https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/01/health/eee-eastern-equine-encephalitis-connecticut-death/index.html. 
  16. Miller, Kayla (2019-10-02). "Fourth person dies from mosquito-borne illness in Michigan". https://www.mlive.com/news/kalamazoo/2019/10/fourth-person-dies-from-mosquito-borne-illness-in-michigan.html. 
  17. Mahieu, Devon (15 October 2019). "Fifth person in Michigan dies from Eastern Equine Encephalitis". https://upnorthlive.com/news/local/fifth-person-in-michigan-dies-from-eastern-equine-encephalitis. 
  18. Cuda, Amanda (1 September 2019). "Third person in state dies from EEE". https://www.ctpost.com/local/article/Third-person-in-state-dies-from-EEE-14483983.php. 
  19. Gore, Leada (28 October 2019). "Mosquito-borne virus kills 1 in Alabama: What to know about EEE". https://www.al.com/news/2019/10/mosquito-borne-virus-kills-1-in-alabama-what-to-know-about-eee.html. 
  20. "1st Eastern Equine Encephalitis Human Death Reported in Indiana". 20 October 2019. https://www.news18.com/news/world/1st-eastern-equine-encephalitis-human-death-reported-in-indiana-2352805.html. 
  21. Klein, Asher (26 September 2019). "Mass. Health Officials Say 12th Person Has EEE, 1 Fewer Death". https://www.nbcboston.com/news/local/Mass-Health-Officials-12th-Person-EEE-1-Fewer-Death-561462071.html. 
  22. Pescaro, Mike; Klein, Asher (25 September 2019). "UPDATE: Mass. Health Officials Give New Info on EEE-Related Deaths". https://www.nbcboston.com/news/local/4th-Death-From-EEE-This-Year-in-Mass-Confirmed-by-Health-Officials-561356151.html. 
  23. "Mass. retracts number of EEE deaths; confirms 12th human case of virus". 26 September 2019. https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2019/09/26/mass-retracts-number-eee-deaths-confirms-human-case-virus/OLoLvr0FiKfhXMvG5AQH8J/story.html. 
  24. Anderson, Derek J. (17 August 2019). "A 2nd Person In Mass. Is Diagnosed With Mosquito-Linked EEE Disease". WBUR-FM. https://www.wbur.org/commonhealth/2019/08/17/mosquito-worcester-county-dph-virus-critical-risk. 
  25. "Pennsylvania Game Commission advises hunters to take precautions against EEE virus". 22 October 2019. https://triblive.com/news/pennsylvania/pennsylvania-game-commission-advises-hunters-to-take-precautions-against-eee-virus/. 
  26. "18 Louisiana Horses Confirmed Positive for EEE or WNV". 21 August 2019. https://thehorse.com/177785/18-louisiana-horses-confirmed-positive-for-eee-or-wnv/. 
  27. Mulder, James (1 October 2019). "Eastern equine encephalitis kills another horse in Oswego County". https://www.syracuse.com/health/2019/11/eastern-equine-encephalitis-kills-another-horse-in-oswego-county.html. 
  28. "Michiganders urged to stay indoors as officials race to stop the spread of a dangerous mosquito-borne disease". https://www.cnn.com/2020/09/17/health/michigan-eee-case-suspected-trnd/index.html. 
  29. "West Michigan resident with EEE dies" (in en). 2020-10-02. https://www.mlive.com/news/grand-rapids/2020/10/west-michigan-resident-with-eee-dies.html. 
  30. "Wisconsin woman dies of rare disease carried by mosquitoes". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. https://www.jsonline.com/story/news/local/milwaukee/2020/09/04/eee-wisconsin-first-death-reported-mosquito-borne-virus/5724125002/. 
  31. "Man in coma after mosquito bite". BBC News Online. 8 October 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/edinburgh_and_east/7033203.stm. 
  32. "Family thrilled by recovery of killer virus victim". The Scotsman. 22 December 2007. https://www.scotsman.com/news-2-15012/family-thrilled-by-recovery-of-killer-virus-victim-1-1428527. 
  33. "Chemical and Biological Weapons: Possession and Programs Past and Present". James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies, Middlebury College. March 2008. http://www.nonproliferation.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/2008-Chemical-and-Biological-Weapons_-Possession-and-Programs-Past-and-Present.pdf. 
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